2.2 Acids, Bases and Salts

Question 1

What does aq stand for and what does it mean?

Answer 1

aqueous solution, substance dissolved in water

Question 2

What is the universal indicator used to determine?

Answer 2

the pH

Question 3

If the pH says the number 1, what colour is that?

Answer 3

Red

Question 4

Give an example of a strong acid

Answer 4

Vinegar

Question 5

Give an example of a strong alkali

Answer 5

Bleach

Question 6

Give an example of a weak acid

Answer 6

Oranges

Question 7

What ions do all acids form when added to water?

Answer 7

H+ ions

Question 8

What ions do all alkalis form when added to water?

Answer 8

OH- (hydroxide) ions

Question 9

What is the neutralisation reaction (with symbols)

Answer 9

H+(aq) + OH-(aq) -> H2O(l)

Question 10

What is the first part of the name when naming products?

Answer 10

the metal

Question 11

What is the second part of the name when naming products?

Answer 11

the acid

Question 12

What are the four ways to name products?

Answer 12

1. Metal + Acid -> Salt + Hydrogen
   (My aunt sells heroin)
2. Base + Acid -> Salt + Water
   (Butt aunt sell weed)
3. Acid + Alkali -> Salt + Water
   (Auntie anne sells weed)
4. Carbonate + acid -> salt + water + carbon dioxide
   (Crazy aunt sells weed and cocaine daily

Question 13

What is the test for hydrogen?

Answer 13

squeaky pop

Question 14

What is the test for CO2?

Answer 14

lime water goes cloudy

Question 15

What happens to the metal if it is higher than hydrogen in the reactivity series?

Answer 15

The metal displaces hydrogen from the acid

Question 16

What is the difference between an alkali and a base?

Answer 16

Base is an oxide
Alkali is a hydroxide

Question 17

What is the method for making crystal from an oxide or a carbonate?

Answer 17

1. measure 25cm3 of sulphuric acid into a beaker
2. put the beaker into a second beaker of hot water
3. add 1 spatula of copper oxide (black pwdr) or copper carbonate (greenpwdr) to sulphuric acid and stir
4. keep adding more spatulas till all acid has reacted and solution is a deep blue
5. filter solution to remove unreacted copper oxide/carbonate
6. pour solution into clean evaporating dish
7. heat evaporating dish to concentrate the liquid
8. leave dish in windowsill till crystals form

Question 18

What is the word equation for making crystals from copper oxide?

Answer 18

copper oxide + sulphuric acid -> copper sulfate + water

Question 19

What is titration?

Answer 19

a strong acid against a strong base using an indicator

Question 20

What is sodium hydroxide neutralised with and what does it produce?

Answer 20

Neutralised with hydrochloride acid to produce sodium chloride

Question 21

What is the method titration?

Answer 21

1. use pipette to add 25cm3 alkali to a clean conical flask
2. add a few drops of indicator and put the conical flask on a white tile
3. fill the burette with acid and note the starting volume
4. slowly add acid from burette to alkali in conical flask, swirling to mix
5. stop adding acid when end point is reached (indicator 1st permanently changes colour)
6. repeat steps 1-5 til you get concordant titres. (titres withing 0.10cm3 of each other)