2.2 Asexual and Sexual Reproduction Flashcards
(16 cards)
What is asexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction involves only one parent. All the offspring that result from asexual reproduction are identical to that parent. In other words, they all inherit identical characteristics because the adult makes an exact copy of itself.
What is sexual reproduction? Who uses it?
Reproduction involving the exchange of genetic material between two individuals resulting in offspring that are genetically different from the parents (Mix of characteristics of the two parents in the offspring). Most species of plants and animals reproduce sexually.
What are the 4 types of asexual reproduction?
Binary fission, budding, spore production, and vegetative reproduction.
What is binary fission?
Type of asexual reproduction in amoebas and other organisms in which a parent cell divides into 2 identical cells (only in single celled organisms such as bacteria and protista)
What is budding?
Type of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud on the parent and the bud eventually detaches and becomes a new individual identical to its parent. Occurs in yeast, coral, hydra.
What is spore production?
A cell produced by asexual reproduction in certain organisms such as fungi, and non flowering plants such as ferns. Spores are produced by the division of cells by the parent, not by the union of 2 cells. One individual will produce many spores, and each spore can
develop quickly into a new individual identical to the parent.
What is vegetative reproduction?
The reproduction of a plant that does not involve the formation of a seed. Can be cuttings, tubers, shoots and sap suckers
Does sexual reproduction always involve 2 individuals?
No.
What is a gamete?
Sex cell, either male or female that’s only purpose is to unite with another gamete to form a fertilized cell (zygote) that can develop into a new individual.
The male gametes are called what, and the female gametes are known as what? How many chromosomes do they have in humans?
Sperm cell. Egg cells (ova). 23 chromosomes each.
What is fertilization?
The union of the sperm cell with the egg cell that occurs during mating.
What is the zygote?
The cell created by the joining of the two gametes. It has 46 chromosomes. The zygote is the first cell of a new individual. The zygote then divides into two cells.
What is cleavage?
The divisions repeated after the formation of the zygote.
What is the embryo?
Continued cell division from cleavage results in a new multicellular life form referred to as an embryo. Have 46 chromosomes.
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