2.2 Atoms, Ions And Compounds Flashcards

(43 cards)

1
Q

Atomic Number

A

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

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2
Q

Mass Number

A

Number of protons and neutrons in nucleus that form mass of an atom.

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3
Q

Electron

A

Subatomic particle with charge of -1 and mass of 1/1836 that occupies shells around nucleus.

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4
Q

Proton

A

Subatomic particle with charge of +1 and mass of 1 found in nucleus of an atom.

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5
Q

Neutron

A

Subatomic particle with charge of 0 and mass of 1 found in nucleus of an atom.

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6
Q

Ion

A

A charged atom where number of electrons is different from number of protons.

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7
Q

Isotope

A

Atom with same number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons in the nucleus.

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8
Q

Relative Atomic Mass

A

Weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12 mass of carbon-12.

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9
Q

Relative Isotopic Mass

A

Weighted mass of an atom of an isotope when compared to that of 1/12 of an atom of carbon-12.

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10
Q

Formula of relative atomic mass

A

(% abundance x mass)+(%abundance x mass) /100

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11
Q

Cation

A

Atoms with fewer electrons than protons. Have an overall positive charge.

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12
Q

Anion

A

Atoms with more electrons than protons. Have an overall negative charge

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13
Q

Uses of mass spectrometer

A

-Monitoring breath of patients during surgery.
-Detecting banned substances in athletics.
-Analysing molecules in space.

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14
Q

How do mass spectrometers works

A

1) Sample placed in mass spectrometer.
2) Vaporised then ionised.
3) Ions are accelerated by electromagnetic plate.
4) Ions are detected with (m/z)mass to charge ratio. Larger abundance= larger the signal.

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15
Q

Ionisation in mass spectrometer.

A

Electron from electron gun knocks electron from substance,producing a cation.
M+e = M+ + 2e-

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16
Q

Acceleration in mass spectrometer

A

Negative plate attracts positive ion making the ion accelerate to bend round corner.

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17
Q

Deflection in mass spectrometer

A

Uses magnetic field. Higher the mass= stronger magnetic field needed to reach the detector.

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18
Q

Detection in mass spectrometer

A

Masses are determined for each ion by signal each ion produces by mass to charge ratio. Higher abundance=larger signal

19
Q

What do peaks on mass spectra show?

A

Number of isotopes

20
Q

What do the height of the peaks show in a mass spectra?

A

Abundance of each isotope.

21
Q

What are binary compounds ?

A

Compounds that contain 2 elements only.
In ionic compounds, metal ion always comes first.

22
Q

What are polyatomic ions?

A

Ions that contain atoms of more than one element bonded together.
Eg. NO3-, SO4 3+

23
Q

What do some elements exist as?

A

Diatomic molecules containing 2 atoms bonded together.
Eg. O2 H2 Cl2

24
Q

What are covalent compounds ?

A

Exist as molecules with small number of atoms bonded together, that share pairs of electrons. They do not contain ions.
Eg. CO2, H20

25
Formula of magnesium cation
Mg2+
26
Formula of sodium cation
Na+
27
Formula of potassium cation
K+
28
Formula of calcium cation
Ca2+
29
Formula of copper cation
Cu2+
30
Formula of aluminium cation
Al3+
31
Formula of silver cation
Ag+
32
Formula of zinc cation
Zn2+
33
Formula of ammonium (cation).
NH4+
34
Formula of phosphorous anion
P3-
35
Formula of sulphur anion
S2-
36
Formula of oxygen anion
O2-
37
Formula of chlorine anion
Cl-
38
Formula of bromine anion
Br-
39
Formula of iodine anion
I-
40
Formula of hydroxide anion
OH-
41
Formula of sulphate anion
SO4 2-
42
Formula of carbonate anion
CO3 2-
43
Formula of nitrate anion
NO3 -