2.2 Biological Molecules Definitions

Question 1

Adhesion

Answer 1

A property of water molecules that creates an attraction between them and surfaces that they are in contact with.

Question 2

Amino Acid

Answer 2

The monomers containing an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH) and a variable E group that make up proteins

Question 3

Amylopectin

Answer 3

A branched polysaccharide made up of alpha glucose monomers joined by a 1-6, glycosidic bonds that makes up starch along with amylose.

Question 4

Amylose

Answer 4

An unbranched polysaccharide made up of alpha glucose monomers joined by a 1-4, glycosidic bonds that make sup starch along with amylopectin

Question 5

Anions

Answer 5

An ion with a negative charge

Question 6

Benedict’s test

Answer 6

A biochemical test used to detect the presence of a reducing sugar in a solution and distinguish between solutions of different reducing sugar concentrations

Question 7

Biuret test

Answer 7

A biochemical test that produces a purple colour when it is added to a solution containing protein

Question 8

Cations

Answer 8

AN ion with a positive charge

Question 9

Cellulose

Answer 9

A linear polysaccharide that is the main component of the cell wall in plants and is made up of many beta glucose molecules joined 1-4, glycosidic bonds

Question 10

Chromatography

Answer 10

A technique used to separate different molecules in a solution by their different properties

Question 11

Cohesion

Answer 11

A property of water molecules that creates an attraction between them which causes them to stick together

Question 12

Collagen

Answer 12

A type of fibrous protein that provides strength to many different cell types and makes up connective tissues

Question 13

Condensation reaction

Answer 13

A type of reaction that joins two molecules together with the formation of a chemical bond involving the elimination of a molecule of water.

Question 14

Conjugated protein

Answer 14

A protein with a prosthetic group bound to it.q

Question 15

Elastin

Answer 15

A type of fibrous protein that alllows tissues and strcutures like blood vessels to stretch and return to their original shape.

Question 16

FIbrous protein

Answer 16

A class of long chain proteins that are generally insoluble in water and typically have structural roles

Question 17

Globular protein

Answer 17

A class of spherical shaped proteins that are generally water soluble and typically have metabolic roles

Question 18

Glucose

Answer 18

A hexose monosaccharide that is main respiratory substrate in eukaryotes

Question 19

Glycogen

Answer 19

A highly branched polysaccharide that is used as the main energy storage molecule in animals and is made up of alpha glucose monomers by a 1-4, glycosidic bonds

Question 20

Haemoglobin

Answer 20

A type of conjugated globular protein used to transport oxygen that is made up of four polypeptide chains each containing a haem prosthetic group

Question 21

Hexose monosaccharide

Answer 21

A simple sugar that contains 6 carbon atoms

Question 22

Hydrogen bond

Answer 22

A type of weak bond formed between an electropositive hydrogen and an electronegative atom like oxygen or nitrogen.

Question 23

Hydrolysis

Answer 23

Breaking a chemical bond between two molecules involving the use of a water molecule

Question 24

Insulin

Answer 24

A globular protein hormone that is made in the pancreas in response to detection of high glucose levels in the blood

Question 25

Iodine test

Answer 25

A biochemical test that produces a blue/black colour when it is added to a solution containing starch

Question 26

Keratin

Answer 26

A type of fibrous protein that provides strength to hair and nails

Question 27

Lactose

Answer 27

A disaccharide made of a molecule glucose and galactose joined by a glycosidic bond

Question 28

Lipid emulsion test

Answer 28

A biochemical test that produces a cloudy emulsion when performed on lipids

Question 29

Maltose

Answer 29

A disaccharide made of two molecules of glucose joined by a glycosidic bond

Question 30

Monomer

Answer 30

An individual unit that can be bonded to other identical monomers to make a polymer

Question 31

Pentose monosaccharide

Answer 31

A simple sugar that contains 5 carbon atoms

Question 32

Phospholipid

Answer 32

A type of amphipathic lipid made from a molecule of glycorel bonded to two fatty acid molecules and a phosphate group

Question 33

Polymer

Answer 33

A molecule made from many repeating monomers joined together

Question 34

Polymers

Answer 34

Molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together

Question 35

Primary structure

Answer 35

The individual sequence of amino acids in a protein

Question 36

Quaternary structure

Answer 36

A structure only applicable to proteins with multiple polypeptide chains that describes the interactions of the different chains

Question 37

Ribose

Answer 37

A pentose monosaccharide which composes the backbone of RNA

Question 38

Saturated fatty acid

Answer 38

A type of fatty and acid molecule containing only single bonds between the carbon atoms

Question 39

Secondary structure

Answer 39

The local interactions of the amino acids in the polypeptide chain

Question 40

Solvent

Answer 40

A liquid that solutes can dissolve in to form a solution

Question 41

Starch

Answer 41

A polysaccharide used for energy storage in plants that is made up of alpha glucose joined together in the forms of amylose and amylopectin

Question 42

Sucrose

Answer 42

A disaccharide made of a molecule glucose and fructose joined by a glycosidic bond

Question 43

Teritary structure

Answer 43

The way that the whole protein folds to make a 3D structure

Question 44

Triglyceride

Answer 44

A type of lipid formed from a molecule of glycerol joined by ester bonds to three fatty acid molecules

Question 45

Unsaturated fatty acid`

Answer 45

A type of fatty acid molecule containing at least one double bond in the carbon chain