2.2 Established political parties Flashcards
(31 cards)
What are ‘values?
Long-term and abstract principles
What are ‘policies?
What is being done to achieve the desired values
When was the Conservative party established?
1834
What was the conservative party of the 19th century closely associated with?
- Tradition
- Stability and strong government
- Pragmatism
- Protection of property
Under what PM did the Conservative party embrace ‘New Right’ principles?
Thatcher
What is the ‘new right’?
Combines neoliberalism (free market, low tax, small welfare state) with neoconservatism (strong law and order, strong defence, tradition)
How would the Conservative party be described today?
Contains elements of neoliberalism and neoconservatism but combines this with a more tolerant attitude to social values and a return to on-nation values
Recent Conservative policies linked to neoliberalism:
- Commitment to lower taxation
- 2019 manifesto commitment to not increase VAT
Recent Conservative policies linked to neoconservatism:
- Cutting immigration
- Brexit
- Strong law and order
- 2019 manifesto commitment to give police enhanced stop and search powers
Recent Conservative policies linked to one nation:
- Support for gay marriage
- National living wage
- 2019 manifesto commitment to put £5billion into a new social care package
When was the Labour party established?
1900
What are the main principles of Old Labour?
Re-distribution: higher taxes on the wealthy
Nationalisation
Generous welfare provision
Collectivism (work together)
Old Labour: which Labour PM introduced the NHS?
Clement Atlee (1945-1951)
Old Labour: what policies did Harold Wilson introduce?
Increase tax + invest in welfare state
Established the Open University
1968 Race Relations Act
What triggered Labour’s shift to the right with New Labour?
In 1980 Michael Foot moved the party very left-wing – 1983 manifesto described as the ‘longest suicide note in history’ combined with Thatcher’s success on the right
Who was Blair influenced by with New Labour?
Anthony Giddens – 3rd Way
What were the main principles of New Labour under Blair?
- No commitment to nationalisation or redistribution
- Less focus on collectivism and equality
- State is an enabler eg tuition fees
- Tougher line on law and order eg ASBOs
- Constitutional reform
What were the proposed principles from Corbyn?
- Renationalisation
- Abolition of student fees
- Large scale investment in NHS
- Increase in top rate of tax
2019 Conservative manifesto: The economy
- Corporation tax cut (19% to 17%)
- No VAT increase
- Raise national living wage to £10.50
- Keep universal credit
Conservative manifesto: welfare
- £20.5 billion extra funding by 2024, 50,000 more nurses, 40 new hospitals over next 10 years
- £7 billion a year more for schools, increase teacher’s salaries
- 20,000 more police, £2.5 billion for prison improvement, greater stop and search
- Net zero emissions by 2050
Conservative manifesto: foreign policy
- End free movement after Brexit
- EU citizens to wait 5 years before accessing benefits
- Australian style points system
Labour Party today under Starmer: economy
OLD LABOUR:
- Nationalisation of water and energy
- Windfall tax
- Starmer’s 10 pledges - increase tax for top 5% of earners
NEW LABOUR:
Stressed his pro-business outlook
Labour Party today under Starmer: welfare
OLD LABOUR:
- Commitment to NHS
- Starmer committed to abolishing tuition fees
- 10 pledges - social justice
Nb Even under Blair this policy area didn’t shift
Labour Party today under Starmer: law and order
OLD LABOUR
- nothing
NEW LABOUR
- Starmer speech to bring in tougher sentencing on knife crime and sex offences
- Critical of anti-social behaviour (Blair)
- Rayner said ‘shoot first ask questions later’ regarding terrorists
