2.2: internal leaf structure

Question 1

Structural tissue

Answer 1

Four types:
Epidermal
Cork
Parenchyma
Support and strengthening

Question 2

Epidermal tissue

Answer 2

Protects and covers leaves, roots, stems

Prevents excessive water loss and injury by outside agents

Question 3

Cuticle layer

Answer 3

Consists of a waxy substance that helps to seal in water, covers epidermal tissue of the shoot system

Question 4

Root hairs

Answer 4

Absorb water and nutrients for the roots

Question 5

Cork tissue

Answer 5

Protects and waterproofs the stems and certain roots of woody plants

Question 6

Parenchyma tissue

Answer 6

Makes and stores food

Question 7

Support and strengthening tissue

Answer 7

Consists of fibers which run through roots, stems, and large veins of leaves- live only a short time

Question 8

Vascular tissue

Answer 8

Elongated, tubular cells
Sap-conducting
Stems, petioles, veins, and roots

Question 9

Sap

Answer 9

Found in vascular tissue

Two types: water with dissolved minerals, food materials

Question 10

Two types of vascular tissue

Answer 10

Xylem up

Phloem down

Question 11

Meristematic tissue

Answer 11

Growth and repair

Form various types of structural and vascular tissue

Question 12

Cambium tissue

Answer 12

Interval and enables stems and roots to grow in diameter (meristematic)
Vascular cambium
Cork cambium

Question 13

Epidermis

Answer 13

Provides covering and protection for upper and lower leaf surfaces

Question 14

Stomata

Answer 14

Tiny openings in the epidermis, also leaf pores, regulate transpiration, the loss of water vapor from leaves and stems
Opened and closed by guard cells

Question 15

Leaf hairs

Answer 15

Hairlike structures in the epidermis

Question 16

Mesophyll

Answer 16

Middle portion of the leaf, where most of the photosynthesis takes place
Divisions:
Upper palisade mesophyll
Lower spongy mesophyll

Question 17

Intercellular air spaces

Answer 17

Air spaces between the spongy mesophyll cells

Question 18

Cell

Answer 18

Basic structural unit of all living things

Question 19

Cell membrane

Answer 19

Surrounds the cell

Question 20

Lumen

Answer 20

Cavity surrounded by a membrane

Question 21

Nucleus

Answer 21

Controls the cell’s activities

Question 22

Cytoplasm

Answer 22

Fluid medium for the molecules and organelles that make up the cell

Question 23

Cell wall

Answer 23

Made of cellulose, a complex carbohydrate made up of long chains of glucose molecules- great strength, flexibility, support, protection
Woody stems have lignin in the cell wall

Question 24

Chloroplasts

Answer 24

“Factories” in the cells of green plants, contain chlorophyll

Question 25

Vacuoles

Answer 25

Storage structures in cells

Question 26

Tissue

Answer 26

Living material which is constructed in such a way as to perform a particular task for an organism.
Three distinct kinds in plants:
Structural
Vascular
Meristematic