2.2 Organic Molecules

Question 1

Chain of carbon atoms in an organic molecule

Answer 1

Carbon skeleton

Question 2

Energy molecules, essential nutrient

Answer 2

Carbohydrates

Question 3

Include sugars and starches

Carbon hydrogen and oxygen

Answer 3

Carbohydrates

Question 4

Many carbohydrates are

Answer 4

Isomers which mean they have the same chemical formulas but different structures

Question 5

Contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen but less than carbohydrates

Answer 5

Lipids

Question 6

Hydrophobic compounds
No polar
Insoluble in water

Answer 6

Lipids

Question 7

Significant source of energy in food

Answer 7

Lipids

Question 8

Energy storage in animals
Forming barriers in cells
Forming hormones in animals

Answer 8

Lipids

Question 9

Contain glycerol and fatty acids

Answer 9

L

Question 10

Formed by dehydration synthesis

Answer 10

L

Question 11

Saturated fat: no double bonds in the fatty acids
Unsaturated fat: one o r more dbl bond in the fatty acids

Answer 11

L

Question 12

H atoms on the same side of the dbl bond

Answer 12

Cis (sis)

Question 13

H atoms on opposite sides of the double bond

Answer 13

Trans (opposite)

Question 14

Contains c, h, o, p, n and or s

Answer 14

Complex lipids

Question 15

Have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions

Answer 15

Complex lipids

Question 16

Considered amphipathic molecules

Answer 16

Complex lipids

Question 17

Form bilayer in the plasma membrane of the cell

Answer 17

Complex lipid

Question 18

Polar heads

Answer 18

Hydrophilic

Question 19

Polar tail

Answer 19

Hydrophobic

Question 20

Cell membranes made of complex lipids and phospholipids

Answer 20

Complex lipids

Glycerol, two fatty acids and a phosphate group
Phospholipids have have as well as non polar regions

Question 21

Four carbon rings with -OH group attached to one ring

Answer 21

Steroids

Question 22

Component of plasma membrane provide additional rigidity and structure

Answer 22

Steroid

Question 23

Animals use specialized steroids as hormones

Answer 23

Steroids

Question 24

Made up of CHON and sometimes S

Answer 24

Proteins

Question 25

Essential in cell structure and function

Answer 25

Proteins

Question 26

Enzymes that speed up chemical reactions They have flagella that aid in movement Some bacterial toxins and cell structures

Answer 26

Proteins

Question 27

Transporter proteins move chemicals across membranes

Answer 27

Proteins

Question 28

Amino acids are the building blocks of

Answer 28

Proteins

Question 29

What kind of amino acids are there?

Answer 29

Hydrophilic and hydrophobic

Question 30

Amino acids contain a

Answer 30

Amino group, a carboxylic acid group and an r group

Question 31

Chemical properties are based on the group of atoms in the

Answer 31

Variable r group

Question 32

Isomers that are mirror images of each other

Answer 32

Enantiomers

Question 33

Exists in either two stereoisomers

Answer 33

D or L Proteins

Question 34

L forms are most often found

Answer 34

In nature

Question 35

Short chain of amino acids

Answer 35

Peptide

Question 36

A long chain of amino acids

Answer 36

Polypeptide

Question 37

Covalent bond between amino acids

Answer 37

Peptide bonds

Question 38

Peptide bonds (covalent bonds) between amino acids are formed by

Answer 38

Dehydration synthesis

Question 39

Primary structure

Answer 39

Polypeptide chain

Question 40

The amino acid chain folds and coils in a helix or pleated sheet

Answer 40

Secondary structure

Question 41

The helicopter or sheet folds irregularly forming disulfide bridges, hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds between amino acids in the chain

Answer 41

Tertiary structure

Question 42

Consists of two more polypeptides

Answer 42

Quaternary structure

Question 43

Glycoproteins Nucleoproteins Lipoproteins

Answer 43

Conjugated proteins consist of amino acids and other organic molecules

Question 44

Proteins can undergo

Answer 44

Denaturation

Question 45

Proteins encounter hostile environments such as temperature and pH and therefore lost their shapes and functions

Answer 45

Denaturization

Question 46

Essential molecules that provide the code that runs cells

Answer 46

Nucleic acids

Question 47

Chemical code that tells a cell how to make proteins

Answer 47

Nucleic acids

Question 48

Building blocks of Nucleic acids

Answer 48

Nucleotides

Question 49

A five carbon Penrose sugar Phosphate group Nitrogen containing base

Answer 49

Nucleotides consisting of

Question 50

Nucleosides consist of

Answer 50

Pentose Nitrogen containing base

Question 51

Contains deoxyribose

Answer 51

DNA

Question 52

Exists as a double helix

Answer 52

DNA

Question 53

Back bone made of alternating sugar and phosphate

Answer 53

DNA

Question 54

Adenine hydrogen bonds with

Answer 54

Thymine

Question 55

Cytosine hydrogen bonds with

Answer 55

Guanine

Question 56

Order of the nitrogen bases forms the

Answer 56

Genetic instructions of the organism

Question 57

Two strands are held together using

Answer 57

Hydrogen bonds

Question 58

Contains ribose Is single standed

Answer 58

RNA

Question 59

In RNA adenine hydrogen bonds with

Answer 59

Uracil

Question 60

In RNA cytosine hydrogen bonds with

Answer 60

Guanine

Question 61

Several kinds of RNA play a specific role in

Answer 61

Protein synthesis

Question 62

Transmission of information in all types of cells

Answer 62

Gene expression Which includes DNA RNA and proteins

Question 63

MRNA IS produced by

Answer 63

Transcription

Question 64

Made of ribose, adenine and three phosphate groups

Answer 64

ATP

Question 65

Attached to a string of three phosphate groups

Answer 65

Adenosine

Question 66

Stores the potential to react with water

Answer 66

ATP

Question 67

Releases energy that can be used by the cell

Answer 67

ATP —> ADP