22: Organization of Body Flashcards
(55 cards)
1
Q
What are the 4 main tissue types?
A
- Epithelial Tissue
- Connective Tissue
- Muscular Tissue
- Nervous Tissue
2
Q
What does epithelial tissue do?
A
covers the body surface and lines the body cavities
3
Q
What does connective tissue do?
A
binds and supports parts of the body.
4
Q
What does muscular tissue do?
A
provides movement
5
Q
What does nervous tissue do?
A
conducts nerve impulses and interprets stimuli.
6
Q
What are the 5 organ system catergories?
A
- Transport of fluids
- Body maintenance
- Control of the body systems
- Sensory input and motor output
- Reproduction
7
Q
What are the body’s 2 transpo systems?
A
cardiovascular & lymphatic
8
Q
Cardiovascular System
What does it consist of?
What does it do?
A
- consists of heart & blood vessels
- carries blood through the body to deliver nutrients and remove waste
9
Q
What does the lymphatic system consist of?
What does it do?
A
- consists of the lymph nodes, lymph fluid, and lymphatic vessels.
- collects excess fluid and fat from the body and returns it to the heart
10
Q
What 3 organ systems contribute to the maintenence of the body?
What do they do?
A
- The digestive system
- respiratory system
- urinary system
- deliver and remove substances from the body’s tissues
11
Q
What id the digestive system composed of?
What does it do?
A
- composed of organs of the digestive tract and peripheral components such as the teeth, liver, and pancreas
- processes and extracts nutrients from food
12
Q
What is the respiratory system composed of?
What does it do?
A
- lungs and tubes through which air moves
- provides gas exchange for the cardiovascular system
13
Q
What is the urinary system composed of?
What does it do?
A
- consists of the kidneys, bladder, and urine conducting tubes
- removes excess water and salts from the blood and excretes them in the urine
14
Q
What are the 2 control systems of the body?
A
- nervous system
- endocrine system
15
Q
What does the nervous system composed of?
What does it do?
A
- consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
- receives, interprets, and responds to stimuli
16
Q
What is the endocrine system composed of?
What does it do?
A
- consists of the hormonal glands that secrete chemicals that serve as messengers between body parts
- These messages help control bodily functions
17
Q
3 Motor input/output systems
A
- Integumentary
- skeletal
- muscle
18
Q
What is the integumentary system composed of?
What does it do?
A
- consists of the skin and accessory systems
- sensory receptors of this system sense external stimuli
19
Q
What is the skeletal system composed of?
What does it do?
A
- consists of the bones
- provides support and works with the muscular system to provide movement
20
Q
What is the muscular system compsed of?
What does it do?
A
- consists of the body’s muscles
- contraction of these muscles moves the skeletal system to provide movement
21
Q
What is the reproductive system compossed of?
A
- male reproductive system: testes and associated glands and ducts
- female reproductive system: ovaries, oviducts, uterus, and vagina
22
Q
What is homeostasis?
Why is it necessary?
A
- When tissue fluids of the body are constantly replenished and recirculated by the organ systems
- necessary to provide nutrients, exchange gases, and remove wastes.
23
Q
Homeostasis of which organs regulates sugar levels?
A
liver + pancreas
24
Q
What does homeostasis in the cardiovascular system do?
A
circulates the blood and cells of the immune system while assisting in gas exchange.
25
What is negative feedback?
What are its 2 components?
* primary mechanism of homeostatic control
1. *sensor* component: detects changes in stimuli
2. *control* center: triggers response to restore balance.
26
What are the 3 types of blood vessels?
1. Arteries
2. Veins
3. Capillaries
27
Where do arteries carry blood?
Away from heart
28
Where do veins carry blood
back to the heart
29
Where are capillaries found? What do they do?
* network of vessels between the arteries and veins
* where fluid, gas, and waste exchange take place.
30
Flow of blood (4)
1. arteries
2. capillaries (gas, waste, nutrient exchange)
3. veins
4. heart
31
What does each side of the heart do?
**Right**: pumps oxygen-depleted blood to the lungs
**Left**: pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body
32
What seperates the 2 sides of the heart?
what does it do?
* septum
* prevents the oxygen-depleted and oxygen-rich blood from mixing
33
What are the 2 chambers of the heart?
Where do they pump blood?
* *upper atrium*: receives blood
* *lower ventricle*: pumps blood out
34
What part of the heart regulates the flow of blood throuogh the heart?
What are the 2 parts?
* valves
1. *atrioventricular* valves: connects atria + ventricles
2. *semilunar* valves: connects ventricles to attached blood vessels
35
What is the flow of blood to the heart? (7)
1. Superior vena cava
2. right atrium
3. tricuspid valve
4. right ventricle
5. pulmonary semilunar valve
6. pulmonary trunk
7. pulmonary arteries
36
What is the flow of blood after lungs? (7)
1. pulmonary veins
2. left atrium
3. bicuspid valve
4. left ventricle
5. aortic semilunar valve
6. aorta
7. body
37
What Is the contraction of the heart called?
systole
38
What is the relaxation of the heart suring heartbeat called?
diastole
39
What causes the heartbeat sound?
the closing of the heart valves
40
How is the heartbeat regulated?
What does it do?
* **sinoatrial (SA) node**, special cardiac muscle in the atrial wall
* sends a regular signal that triggers the atria to contract via the **atrioventricular (AV) node**
41
What is blood pressure a measure of?
What allows it to work?
* pressure of arterial blood flow
* structure of arteries includes muscle tissue that allows them to expand as the blood pressure changes
42
What is the structure of arteries?
flexible arterial structure includes smooth muscle and elastic fibers
43
Arterioles
small arteries that help regulate blood pressure
44
What is the structure of capillaries?
thin layer of epithelial cells to facilitate exchange of substances with the tissues.
45
What are venules?
* vessels that drain blood from the capillaries into veins.
* larger diameter than arteries, but thinner walls and move blood under a lower pressure
46
What is the flow of blood through veins driven by?
* contraction of skeletal muscle
* valves which prevent backflow of blood
47
What does the Pulmonary Circuit do?
What are the 2 vessels that take part?
* circulates blood to the lungs for gas exchange
1. *pulmonary arteries*: carry blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs
2. *pulmonary veins*: returns oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart
48
What does the Systemic Circuit do?
What are the 2 parts that take part in it?
* distributes the oxygenated blood to the body.
1. *Aorta*: distributes Oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to the body
2. *Vena Cava*: returns the blood to the right side of the heart
49
What is a portal system?
one that begins and ends at capillary bed
50
What are the 2 forces that control the movement of fluid through the capillary wall?
Where does each move blood?
1. *osmotic* pressure: drives tissue fluid into the blood.
2. *blood* pressure: drives fluid from blood into the tissues.
51
What is hypertension?
What contributes to it?
* High blood pressure
* Genetic factors
Lifestyle
Presence of atherosclerosis plaques
52
What is a thrombus?
stationary plaque buildup in blood vessel
53
What is an embolus?
dislodged plaque in bloodstream
54
How does stroke occur?
when an embolus blocks an arteriole or an arteriole bursts.
55
What are coronary arteries?
vessels that provide oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.
