2.2: Skeletal & Muscular Systems

Question 1

processes that deal with the buildup or breakdown of living cells for the purposes of providing energy and facilitating growth

Answer 1

Metabolic functions

Question 2

cavity in the middle of the bone where red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are all produced

Answer 2

Bone marrow

Question 3

What’s are examples of long bones?

Answer 3

bones in the legs and arms

Question 4

What’s an example of flat bones?

Answer 4

bones in the pelvis

Question 5

What 2 forms can bones exist in?

Answer 5

cancellous bone, compact bone

Question 6

also called spongy bone, is a somewhat irregularly arranged group of bony material plates called trabeculae found in the bone marrow cavity

Answer 6

Cancellous bone

Question 7

more highly structured series of bone layers found in the outer portions of the bone, composed of a series of tube-like structures arranged so that the tube shafts are parallel to the bone shaft.

Answer 7

Compact bone

Question 8

What are the 3 types of cells are present in bone?

Answer 8

Osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts

Question 9

responsible for secreting the material that forms bone

Answer 9

Osteoblasts

Question 10

actually destructive, dissolving bone around them when needed

Answer 10

Osteoclasts

Question 11

As osteoblasts age, they become this, the primary cells of mature bone

Answer 11

Osteocytes

Question 12

What 2 ways do bones develop?

Answer 12

Intramembranous ossification, endochondral ossification

Question 13

What are the 4 basic shapes of bone?

Answer 13

long, short, flat, and irregular

Question 14

bones that are longer than they are wide

Answer 14

Long bones

Question 15

cube-shaped bones

Answer 15

Short bones

Question 16

thin and flat with cancellous bone between two thin plates of compact bone.

Answer 16

Flat bones

Question 17

are simply those whose shapes don’t fit any of the previous categories or have characteristics of more than one of the shape categories

Answer 17

Irregular bones

Question 18

a surface that forms a joint and contacts or articulates with another bone

Answer 18

Articular surface

Question 19

a rounded end of a bone that articulates with another bone, found on the humerus, femur, and occipital bone of the skull

Answer 19

Condyle

Question 20

refers to the rounded articular surface on the proximal end of a long bone, attached to the main part of the bone by the neck, found on the humerus, femur, and ribs.

Answer 20

Head of a bone

Question 21

Flat articular surfaces

Answer 21

Facets

Question 22

the various projections and bumps found on bones

Answer 22

Processes

Question 23

a natural opening or passageway through a bone

Answer 23

Foramen

Question 24

a concave depression in a bone. Muscles are usually found in these areas

Answer 24

Fossa

Question 25

the body's central framework along its long axis and includes the bones of the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum

Answer 25

Axial skeleton

Question 26

consists of the bones of the limbs, shoulders, and pelvis

Answer 26

Appendicular skeleton

Question 27

made up of small bones within soft tissue that don't connect directly to other bones

Answer 27

Visceral skeleton,

Question 28

What bones does the axial skeleton include?

Answer 28

Skull, hyoid bone, spine, ribs, sternum

Question 29

bands of tough, fibrous connective tissue that connect bones at joints, and tendons are bands of similar material that attach muscles to bones.

Answer 29

Ligaments

Question 30

a collection of flat bones (as opposed to long bones) that are fused or hinged together to form a solid mass of bone

Answer 30

Skull

Question 31

The skull bone performs what 3 functions?

Answer 31

Protects the brain, forms the nasal passages and eye sockets, creates jawbones for biting and chewing

Question 32

What 3 areas is the skull organized into?

Answer 32

The cranial cavity where the brain is located, the facial bones which make up the nose, jaw, and eye sockets, the ear bones

Question 33

single unpaired bone of the caudal skull that has a large opening called the foramen magnum

Answer 33

The occipital bone

Question 34

a structure made of cartilage and bone that lies along the median plane in the nasal cavity and divides the left and right nasal passages from each other

Answer 34

Nasal septum

Question 35

forms the bony roof of the nasal cavitys

Answer 35

Nasal bone

Question 36

forms the medial surface of the eye socket

Answer 36

Lacrimal bone

Question 37

forms the upper jawbone and most of the hard palate, which is the bony roof of the mouth

Answer 37

Maxilla

Question 38

the lower jaw, which is formed by two halves that come together centrally at the front of the face

Answer 38

Mandible

Question 39

What are the 2 main regions of the the jaw?

Answer 39

shaft, ramus

Question 40

the horizontal portion of the mandible where the teeth are located

Answer 40

Shaft

Question 41

the vertical part of the mandible that articulates with the skull.

Answer 41

Ramus

Question 42

a structure made of bone and cartilage that forms a sling to support the larynx, pharynx, and tongue, assists in the processes of swallowing.

Answer 42

Hyoid bone

Question 43

consists of a series of bony vertebrae that extend along the long axis of the body from the skull to the end of the tail, the vertebrae act as a central support for the body and protect the spinal cord.

Answer 43

Spine

Question 44

The hole formed by the body and the arch

Answer 44

Vertebral foramen.

Question 45

What 5 regions can the spine be divided into?

Answer 45

Cervical (neck) vertebrae, thoracic (chest) vertebrae, lumbar (lower-back) vertebrae, sacral (pelvic-area) vertebrae, coccygeal (tail) vertebrae

Question 46

associated with the thoracic vertebrae and form a protective cage around the heart and lungs

Answer 46

Ribs

Question 47

a series of bones that lie medially on the ventral surface of the thorax

Answer 47

Sternum

Question 48

a girdle of bones that attaches the spine to the pelvic limbs, similar to the way in which the scapula attaches the thoracic limbs to the body

Answer 48

Pelvis

Question 49

largest bone in the pelvis

Answer 49

Ilium

Question 50

thighbone

Answer 50

Femur

Question 51

kneecap

Answer 51

Patella

Question 52

also known as articulations, are found where two or more bones meet

Answer 52

Joints

Question 53

What are the 3 classifications of joints?

Answer 53

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Question 54

known anatomically as synarthroses, are found in the skulls and in the splint bones of horses, these joints are immovable because they're united by fibrous tissue

Answer 54

Fibrous joints

Question 55

known anatomically as amphiarthroses and are somewhat movable, move in a rocking-type motion only, are found in the vertebrae, pelvis, and mandible

Answer 55

Cartilaginous joints

Question 56

known anatomically as diarthroses and are freely movable joints

Answer 56

Synovial joints

Question 57

oxygen and nutrients are primarily supplied to the hyaline cartilage on the articulating surfaces of a synovial joint by

Answer 57

Synovial fluid

Question 58

movement at a joint that brings a limb away from the midline

Answer 58

Abduction

Question 59

movement at a joint that brings the long bones on either side of the joint closer together

Answer 59

Flexion

Question 60

Digits that don’t bear weight

Answer 60

Dewclaws

Question 61

What region do the 3 bones of the pelvis fuse together, which articulates with the head of the femur

Answer 61

acetabulum