220-801 Terms Flashcards
(216 cards)
1
Q
active heat sink
A
Heat sink with attached fan.
2
Q
AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)
A
A 32-bit I/O bus used for video, provides for a direct connection between the video card and memory.
3
Q
AMR (Audio Modem Riser)
A
A riser card and slot designed to support surround audio and soft modem on some motherboards.
4
Q
ATX (Advanced Technology Integrated)
A
Motherboard form factor with integrated port cluster at left rear of board, basis for most mid-size to full-size desktop systems.
5
Q
bus speeds
A
Speeds of various buses on motherboards (PCI, PCIe, memory, and so on).
6
Q
chip creep
A
Socketed chips working their way out of sockets over time due to heating/cooling.
7
Q
chipset
A
Support chips on a motherboard (northbridge or memory controller hub; southbridge or I/O controller hub) that provide interface between onboard components and expansion slots and CPU.
8
Q
CNR
A
Communications Network Riser. Riser slot and card for soft modem and network adapter on some motherboards
9
Q
continuous reboots
A
Symptom of Power Good power supply problem or STOP (BSOD) error if system is configured to restart on BSOD.
10
Q
CPU (central processing unit)
A
An electronic circuit that can process data and execute computer programs (Core i7, Phenom II, and so on).
11
Q
CPU fan connector
A
Connection on motherboard to power CPU fan and monitor speed.
12
Q
dead short
A
Short circuit on the motherboard that makes the system appear to be dead.
13
Q
expansion slots
A
Slots in the motherboard for video, network, mass storage, and other types of cards. Types include PCIe, PCI, and others.
14
Q
FlexATX
A
Small version of ATX motherboard designed for low-profile or small form factor systems.
15
Q
form factor
A
Physical size and shape of motherboard, power supply. See www.formfactors.org for specifications for common motherboard and power supply standards
16
Q
front-panel connectors
A
Connections on front or side of motherboard for power switch, indicator lights, reset, and other features from the front of the computer.
17
Q
hardware-assisted virtualization
A
Features in CPU and BIOS that enable virtualization to perform faster.
18
Q
heat sink
A
Device that draws heat away from a component (CPU, GPU, and memory).
19
Q
hyperthreading (HT Technology)
A
Intel CPU technology that enables a single processor core to work with two execution threads at the same time.
20
Q
integrated GPU
A
GPU (graphics processing unit) incorporated in the CPU
21
Q
integrated I/O ports
A
Ports built in to the motherboard port cluster or internal headers such as parallel, serial, USB, and others
22
Q
jumper
A
Group of two or three pins on a motherboard or card; used for configuration.
23
Q
jumper block
A
Fits across two jumper pins to enable or disable a feature.
24
Q
Land grid array (LGA)
A
Intel CPU socket technology that uses small metal lands in the CPU socket instead of pins on the CPU.
25
Level 1 (L1) cache
Cache memory read by CPU first when new memory information is needed; smallest cache size.
26
Level 2 (L2) cache
Cache memory read by CPU if L1 cache does not have wanted information; much larger than L1 cache.
27
Level 3 (L3) cache
Cache memory read by CPU if L2 cache does not have wanted information; much larger than L2 cache; used on high-performance CPUs.
28
Mini-ITX
VIA Tech-originated ultra-compact motherboard design; used in computing appliances (media servers, and so on).
29
motherboard
The logical foundation of the computer; all components connect to it.
30
Multicore
Processor with two or more cores; some desktop processors have as many as eight cores.
31
overclocking
Running CPU, memory, and other components at faster-thannormal speeds. May require adjustments to component voltage and improved air cooling or a switch to liquid cooling.
32
PCI Express (PCIe)
A high-speed set of serial bus communication channels used by adapter cards.
33
PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect)
32-bit I/O bus providing a shared 33-MHz or 66-MHz data path between the CPU and peripheral controllers.
34
PCI-X
Workstation/server version of PCI used for network and mass storage cards; provides faster performance than PCI.
35
pin grid array (PGA)
CPU socket design in which pins in the rear of the CPU are inserted into holes in socket and clamped into place.
36
system fan connectors
Connectors on the motherboard that provide power and speed monitoring to case fans and sometimes the power supply fan.
37
system lockups
System is completely unresponsive; usually caused by overheating leading to corrupted memory contents.
38
x64
64-bit extension to x86 processor architecture; backward compatible; supports more than 4GB of RAM.
39
x86
32-bit processor architecture used by AMD and Intel CPUs.
40
passive heat sink
Heat sink that relies on outside air flow for cooling.
41
liquid cooling
Cooling system for CPU, GPU, and other components that replaces air cooling with heat blocks, a heat exchanger, and liquid-filled hoses; used for extreme overclocking.
42
BIOS
Basic Input Output System. It controls and tests basic computer hardware at the beginning of the boot procedure.
43
CMOS
Complimentary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor. Refers to low-power chip design; it’s also a common term for Real-Time-Clock/Non-Volatile RAM chip (RTC/NVRAM).
44
POST
Power-On Self Test. BIOS test of basic hardware performed during cold boot.
45
power supply
Converts high-voltage AC to low-voltage DC.
46
AC
Alternating current; the type of electrical current used to run homes and businesses.
47
DC
Direct current; the type of electrical current supplied by batteries or by a PC’s power supply.
48
multimeter
An electrical testing device that can test amperage, AC and DC voltage, continuity, and other items.
49
surge suppressor
A device that absorbs overvoltage conditions such as spikes and surges to prevent damage to connected devices.
50
battery backup
A device that provides temporary power to connected units until they can be shut down; UPS and SPS devices are two different types of battery backups.
51
thermal compound
A material sandwiched between a device and a heat sink to provide the best possible heat transfer from the device to the heat sink.
52
RAM
Random Access Memory. Volatile memory whose contents can be changed
53
paging file (virtual memory)
The file stored on the hard drive used by the paging process as virtual memory, also known as a swap file. In Windows it is a file called pagefile.sys.
54
SRAM
Static Random Access Memory. Static RAM. RAM based on transistors; requires electricity far less often; too expensive and bulky to use as main RAM but popular for use as Cache RAM
55
DRAM
Dynamic Random Access Memory. Dynamic RAM. The slowest type of RAM, which requires frequent electrical refreshes to keep contents valid.
56
SDRAM
Synchronous DRAM. Fast RAM synchronized to the motherboard’s clock speed; current types include 66MHz, 100MHz, and 133MHz.
57
DDR SDRAM
Double Data-Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory. Double Data-Rate SDRAM. A faster form of SDRAM used by many highperformance video cards and motherboards.
58
DDR2 SDRAM
Double-Double Data-Rate SDRAM (DDR2 SDRAM) is the successor to DDR SDRAM. DDR2 SDRAM runs its external data bus at twice the speed of DDR SDRAM, enabling faster performance.
59
DDR3 SDRAM
Double Data-Rate Three SDRAM (DDR3 SDRAM) is the successor to DDR2 SDRAM. DDR3 SDRAM runs its external data bus at twice the speed of DDR2 SDRAM, enabling faster performance. DDR3 SDRAM also uses lower voltages than DDR2 and supports higher memory capacities.
60
Rambus
Also known as RDRAM, Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory. Rambus Dynamic RAM. A high-speed, narrow-channel (8-bit) wide memory technology designed to work with 1GHz+ processors, better than other memory technologies such as SDRAM or DDR SDRAM. RDRAM is supported by some Intel chipsets for the Pentium III and the first Intel Pentium 4 chipsets but is two to four times more expensive than DDR SDRAM. Most tests do not show a clear-cut practical advantage to RDRAM over DDR SDRAM. Rambus is now obsolete.
61
Rambus RDRAM Module
A memory module using Direct Rambus memory (RDRAM) chips. Kingston Technology has copyrighted the name RIMM for its Rambus RDRAM modules, but Rambus RDRAM modules are often referred to as RIMMs, regardless of their actual manufacturer.
62
SIMM
Single Inline Memory Module. Has a single row of 30 or 72 edge connectors on the bottom of the module. Single refers to both sides of the module having the same pinout
63
SODIMM
Small Outline DIMM. A compact version of the standard DIMM module, available in various pinouts for use in notebook computers and laser/LED printers
64
DIMM
Dual Inline Memory Module. These are available in 168-pin, 184-pin, and 240-pin versions. Dual refers to each side of the module having a different pinout.
65
Small Outline Rambus Module
A compact version of the standard Rambus module for use in notebook computers.
66
ECC
Error correction code. Advanced memory that can correct errors and requires special chipsets. It is used primarily in servers.
67
I/O port
A generic term for ports used for input or output, such as USB, parallel, serial, SCSI, PS/2 mouse and keyboard, and FireWire. Storage device ports (PATA, SATA, and eSATA) are not categorized as I/O ports.
68
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
High-speed replacement for older I/O ports USB 1.1 has a peak speed of 12Mbps. USB 2.0 has a peak speed of 480Mbps; USB 2.0 ports also support USB 1.1 devices. USB 2.0 devices can be plugged into USB 1.1 devices but run at only USB 1.1 speeds. USB 3.0 runs at 5Gbps; supports older USB devices at the native speeds of those devices.
69
Hi-Speed USB
USB 2.0 ports and devices.
70
SuperSpeed USB
USB 3.0 ports and devices
71
root hub
Hosts USB ports on a PC.
72
header cable
Connects to motherboard header pins connected to integrated I/O ports
73
generic hub
USB hub that plugs in to a USB port or USB root hub.
74
bus-powered hub
Receives power from upstream USB port; limits power to 100mA per device.
75
self-powered hub
Uses AC adapter; provides full power specified for USB port type(s) supported.
76
IEEE 1394
A high-speed serial connection. IEEE 1394a (FireWire 400) runs at 400Mbps and IEEE 1394b (FireWire 800) runs at 800Mbps. i.LINK is Sony’s name for a four-wire version of IEEE-1394a.
77
i.LINK
See IEEE 1394.
78
FireWire 400
See IEEE 1394
79
FireWire 800
See IEEE 1394
80
SCSI
Small Computer System Interface. A flexible interface usable for hard and optical drives, scanners, and other devices. Narrow SCSI interfaces enables daisychaining of 7 devices to a single port. Wide SCSI enables daisy-chaining of up to 15 devices to a single port.
81
daisy-chaining
Connecting multiple devices through a single port; used by EPP and ECP parallel-port modes and SCSI.
82
device ID
Method of indicating different devices attached to a SCSI host adapter; each device must use a unique device ID#, which is set on each device.
83
termination
Device placed at the end of the SCSI daisy-chain or a switch setting on the last device on a SCSI daisy-chain.
84
serial port
A serial communication physical interface (also known as COM port) through which information transfers in or out one bit at a time. The RS-232 standard is commonly used to transmit data through DB-9 ports.
85
RS-232
See serial port.
86
COM
See serial port.
87
null-modem
Serial cable that has transmit and receive wires crossed at one end; used for data transfer.
88
parallel port
I/O port that enables data-transfer method sending 8 bits or multiples of 8 in a single operation; quite often a DB25F port. Also known as LPT port.
89
LPT
See parallel port.
90
PS/2 port
A 6-pin Mini-DIN port used for mice or keyboards.
91
audio mini-jack
3.5mm (1/8 inch) jacks used for stereo and surround audio, microphones, and line in/line out connections.
92
SPDIF
Sony/Philips Digital Interface; digital audio standard for interfacing sound cards or onboard sound hardware to a digital amplifier.
93
HID
Human interface device; mouse or keyboard.
94
104-key keyboard
Keyboard layout with Windows and right-click keys added to the old 101-key layout.
95
KVM switch
Keyboard-video-mouse; a device that enables a single keyboard, video display, and mouse to work with two or more computers.
96
video card
A video card (also known as display adapter or graphics card) is an expansion card that generates video signal and displays it on a monitor.
97
CRT
Cathode ray tube. A monitor’s picture tube, a large vacuum tube that displays information.
98
LCD
Liquid crystal display. Type of screen used on portable computers and on flatpanel desktop displays.
99
VGA
Video Graphics Array. First popular analog video standard; basis for all current video cards
100
SVGA
Super Video Graphics Array or Super VGA. May refer to 800x600 VGA resolution or to any VGA display setting that uses more than 16 colors or a higher resolution than 640x480.
101
DVI
Digital Visual Interface. Replaced DFP as the standard for support of LCD displays on desktop computers. DVI-D is for digital displays only; DVI-I supports digital and analog displays. Sometimes this is also referred to as Digital Video Interface.
102
HDMI
High-Definition Multimedia Interface. A compact audio/video interface for transmitting uncompressed digital data.
103
DisplayPort
Primarily used to transmit video but can also send audio and USB signals as well. Designed as a replacement to VGA and DVI.
104
RGB
Stands for red, green, and blue. These are the three additive primary colors used in electronic systems and monitors.
105
S-Video
S-Video (known as Separate Video) is an analog video standard used in many VCR and DVD products for input and output of video signals. Many recent video cards use S-video for their TV outputs. Can be down-converted to composite video by using an adapter.
106
resolution
The number of dots per inch (dpi) supported by a scanner or printer, or the number of pixels supported by a display
107
refresh rate
Rate at which electron guns in the monitor’s CRT repaint the picture onscreen; also called vertical refresh rate. It is measured in hertz (Hz)
108
degaussing
To demagnetize a CRT display. Degaussing removes color fringing and distortions onscreen. Some monitors automatically degauss the CRT when the monitor is turned on, and others offer a degaussing button or menu option to degauss on demand.
109
LED
A LED refers to a LED (light-emitting diode)-backlit LCD display. It is similar to an LCD display but uses LED backlighting instead of a cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL).
110
OLED
OLED displays use organic light-emitting diodes based on organic compounds that emit light.
111
plasma
Type of display that uses small cells that contain ionized gas.
112
custom system configuration
A computer configuration that is not a stock or standard configuration to better fit the computer to a specified task.
113
CAD/CAM
Computer aided drafting/computer aided manufacturing
114
virtualization
Creating an environment in which operating systems or applications run on a software-created simulation of a computer rather than directly on the computer hardware itself
115
standard thick client
A computer used to run locally stored and locally processed applications.
116
thin client
A computer used to access network stored and processed applications
117
home server PC
A PC optimized to provide file, print, and backup services on a home or SOHO network.
118
System Information
A Microsoft Windows application that displays information about a computer’s operating system, hardware, and environment (MSInfo32.exe).
119
Device Manager
A Microsoft Windows utility that displays detailed information about the computer hardware in the system, including status and driver information.
120
Belarc System Advisor
A third-party ActiveX web-based program that identifies the computer’s operating system, hardware, Windows version, and security status.
121
SiSoftware Sandra
A third-party system analysis program that provides extensive technical information on a computer’s hardware.
122
CPU-Z
A third-party CPU identification program that provides extensive technical information on a CPU’s features and revision level.
123
webcam
A video camera designed for live chat sessions. Resolutions range from sub-VGA to 1080p HD.
124
digital camera
A camera that uses a digital image sensor instead of film. Most use flash memory cards for storage.
125
imaging device
How Microsoft Windows identifies devices such as digital cameras or scanners in My Computer/Computer.
126
sound card
An add-on card designed for digital sound recording and playback. Plugs into a PCI or PCIe x1 slot.
127
PC99 system design guide
A series of computer specifications originally developed by Intel and Microsoft in the late 1990s. Most of its recommendations are obsolete, but the port color coding it contains continues to be followed by the industry.
128
MIDI
Musical Instrument Digital Interface. A standard developed for the storage and playback of music based on digital sampling of actual musical instruments.
129
AC’97 version 2.3 audio
An analog audio codec standard that supports 96kHz sampling and 20-bit stereo playback. Most implementations support jack sensing.
130
HD Audio
An Intel standard for High Definition Audio (also known as HAD or Azalia). It supports 192kHz 32-bit sampling in stereo and 96kHz 32-bit sampling for up to eight channels.
131
video capture
The process of capturing live video from analog or digital sources and storing it as a computer file
132
TV tuner
A device that can receive analog or digital TV from over-the-air or cable TV sources for live playback or storage for later viewing.
133
CardBus
32-bit version of PC Card add-on card used in laptops.
134
CCFL backlight
Backlight for conventional LCD displays.
135
docking station
Enables laptop computers to use devices not built in, such as card slots, high-end audio and video ports, and others; requires a proprietary, dedicated external bus connector.
136
DualView
Windows standard for supporting extended desktop or cloned desktop with external video port on laptop computers.
137
ExpressCard
High-performance replacement for CardBus; available in 34mmwide (/34) and 54mm-wide (/54) versions.
138
Fn key
Special key on laptop keyboards that, when pressed, enables other keys to perform an additional task, such as adjusting screen brightness, toggling the Windows desktop to an external display, and so on.
139
inverter
Converts DC current into AC current to power CCFL backlight in LCD displays.
140
PC card
16-bit PCMCIA card used in older laptops.
141
pointing device
General term for any mouse-type device.
142
pointing stick
Generic term for IBM/Lenovo TrackPoint, Toshiba AccuPoint, or other eraser-head pointing devices located in the middle of the keyboard.
143
port replicator
Provides a single connection for various types of I/O ports for portable computers; the port replicator is connected to the external devices and is then connected to the portable computer through an external proprietary expansion bus or through a USB port.
144
SODIMM
Small Outline DIMM. A compact version of the standard DIMM module, available in various pinouts for use in notebook computers and laser/LED printers
145
touchpad
Most common type of pointing device installed in laptops. All emulate mice, but some recent models also support multitouch.
146
WXGA
Wide XGA. A common widescreen graphics resolution for laptops and some displays
147
XGA
eXtended Graphics Array. 1024 × 768 display standard that is a minimum requirement for most Windows programs.
148
calibration
Adjustments to improve print quality on inkjet or color laser printers.
149
direct thermal
Thermal printing technology in which the printhead heats the paper.
150
dye sublimation
Thermal printing technology in which dye is released as a gas onto the page.
151
impact printer
Print technology that uses a multipin printhead and an inked ribbon to make an image
152
laser printer
Type of nonimpact page printer that quickly produces quality text and images. Most use the electrophotographic (EP) printing process.
153
nozzle check
Inkjet printer maintenance option that uses all nozzles to print a pattern that indicates whether some nozzles are clogged.
154
print queue
List of print jobs waiting to be sent to the printer
155
print spooler
Windows service responsible for receiving print jobs and sending them to the printer
156
printer preferences
Printer settings such as quality, paper type, monochrome or color; details vary with printer.
157
printer properties
Printer management options such as sharing, port usage, security, spooling options, and availability.
158
thermal transfer
Thermal printer technology that uses a heated wax or resin ribbon.
159
AHCI
Advanced Host Controller Interface; SATA setup option in BIOS that supports native command queueing (NCQ) and all other advanced features.
160
ATA
AT Attachment; a family of standards for PATA and (in ATA-7 and above) SATA interfaces.
161
Blu-ray
An optical medium originally developed for HD movies; capacity of 25GB single-layer and 50GB in dual-layer; also referred to as BD.
162
cable select
A PATA jumper setting that enables the 80-wire cable to determine primary and secondary drives
163
card reader
A single-slot or multislot device for reading from and writing to flash memory cards.
164
CD
Compact disc; the oldest optical disc format; DVD and BD drives can also use CD media.
165
DVD
Digital versatile disc; the most common optical disc format
166
eSATA
External SATA, a version of SATA for use with external drives.
167
flash memory
Memory that retains its contents without electricity.
168
ISO image
A single file that contains the layout of an optical disc.
169
Live File System
Microsoft’s implementation of the Universal Disc Format (UDF) for writing to recordable or rewriteable CD or DVD media in Windows Vista and Windows 7.
170
master
Jumper setting for primary PATA drive on a 40-wire cable.
171
MLC
Multi Level Cell; faster but more expensive than SLC flash memory; used in SSDs
172
PATA
Parallel ATA; term used for drives that use the 40-pin interface formerly known as IDE or ATA-IDE.
173
RPM
Revolutions per minute.
174
SATA
Serial ATA; this version of ATA uses thin data and power cables to transmit data serially at rates of 1.5Gbps, 3.0Gbps, and 6.0Gbps.
175
slave
Jumper setting for secondary PATA drive on a 40-wire cable.
176
SLC
Single level cell; flash memory type most often used in SSDs
177
SSD
Solid state drive; a hard drive that uses flash memory instead of magnetic storage platters.
178
tape drive
A drive that makes backups of a system or selected files with magnetic tape.
179
ADSL
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. A form of DSL that enables faster downloads than uploads. Can be provided over high-quality existing phone lines and is well suited for residential and small-business use.
180
SDSL
Synchronous DSL. A type of DSL connection in which upload and download speeds are the same. SDSL connections are marketed to business rather than to home users and almost always require a newly installed circuit to the location and professional installation. See also DSL, ADSL.
181
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. The Internet’s standard network protocol that is now becoming the standard for all networks.
182
HTTP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol. The basis for hyperlinking and the Internet; it is interpreted by a web browser program.
183
HTTPS
Hypertext Transfer Protocol over Secure Sockets Layer. HTTPS connections are often used for payment transactions on the World Wide Web and for sensitive transactions in corporate information systems.
184
SSL
Secure Sockets Layer. Predecessor of TLS. Used for securing online transactions.
185
TLS
Transport Layer Security. Successor of SSL. A cryptographic protocol that provides security and data integrity for communications over networks such as the Internet.
186
HTML
Hypertext Markup Language. A standard for markup symbols that enables hyperlinking, fonts, special text attributes, graphics, and other enhancements to be added to text files for display with web browsers such as Microsoft Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, and Google Chrome. The official source for HTML standards is the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), but both Microsoft and Netscape have added proprietary features to the HTML dialects they understand.
187
FTP
File Transfer Protocol. File transfer to or from a special server site on the World Wide Web.
188
DNS
Domain name service or domain name server. Translates domain names into IP addresses.
189
domain name
Unique alphanumeric identifier for websites.
190
SMTP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. A common Internet standard for uploading or sending email.
191
POP3
Post Office Protocol 3. Email protocol used by client computers to download or receive email.
192
IMAP
Internet Message Access Protocol. Second most common protocol used to download email.
193
802.11a
A wireless Ethernet standard that uses 5GHz radio signals and provides performance at rates from 6Mbps up to 54Mbps. It is not compatible with other 802.11-based wireless networks unless dual-band access points are used.
194
802.11b
A wireless Ethernet standard that uses 2.4GHz radio signaling for performance from 2Mbps to 11Mbps. It is compatible with 802.11g-based wireless networks but not with 802.11a-based networks unless dual-band access points are used.
195
802.11g
A wireless Ethernet standard that uses 2.4GHz radio signaling for performance up to 54Mbps. It is compatible with 802.11b-based wireless networks but not with 802.11a-based networks unless dual-band access points are used.
196
802.11n
A wireless Ethernet standard that uses 2.4GHz and 5-GHz radio signaling for performance up to 600Mbps.
197
IrDA
Infrared Data Association. Defines physical specifications and communications protocol standards for the short-range exchange of data over infrared, used in personal area networks (PANs).
198
VoIP
Voice over Internet Protocol. Delivery of voice communications over IP networks such as the Internet.
199
SSID
Service set identifier is a user-friendly name that identifies the wireless network. It is usually set on a SOHO router device.
200
WAP
Wireless Access Point. A device that enables connectivity between computers with wireless network adapters to create a wireless network.
201
WEP
Wired equivalent privacy. An older wireless network security standard, succeeded by WPA.
202
WPA
Wi-Fi Protected Access. A security protocol developed by the Wi-Fi Alliance to secure wireless networking. Takes the place of WEP. Uses the TKIP encryption protocol.
203
star topology
Network topology in which a central hub or switch is connected to individual workstations with separate cables. This topology is used by Ethernet networks that use UTP cables. Wireless networks also use this topology but substitute a wireless access point in place of a hub or switch and radio waves in place of cables.
204
repeater
Amplifies a network signal to enable it to run over longer cable than normal; hubs or switches also act as repeaters.
205
hub
Central connecting point for UTP-based forms of Ethernet. A hub broadcasts messages to all computers connected to it and subdivides the bandwidth of the network among the computers connected to it. See switch. Also refers to a device used to enable multiple USB devices to connect to a single USB port.
206
switch
Network device that sets a direct path for data to run from one system to another; can be combined with a router or wireless access point; faster than a hub because it supports the full bandwidth of the network at each port, rather than subdividing the bandwidth among active ports as a hub does.
207
router
Device that routes data from one network to another. Often integrated with wireless access points and switches.
208
WINS
Windows Internet Name Service. Method sometimes used by server versions of Windows to dynamically match NetBIOS computer names to their IP addresses (NetBIOS name resolution)
209
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. Provides IP addresses as required; allows a limited number of IP addresses to service many devices that are not connected at the same time.
210
LDAP
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol. Maintains distributed directory information services. Examples include email and Microsoft Active Directory.
211
DMZ
Demilitarized zone. In network computing it is a subnetwork that provides external services. It is often between the LAN and the Internet but is controlled by the organization that also controls the LAN.
212
electrostatic discharge (ESD)
The release of static electricity when two objects with varying electrical potentials come into contact with each other.
213
cable management
The act of controlling where cables are installed. They should be kept out of walkways, off the floor, and away from anywhere a person might move about
214
material safety data sheet (MSDS)
A document that contains information about substances that contain chemicals. It explains how to treat a person who comes in contact with the substance.
215
first response
When the first technician arrives at the incident scene and identifies what happened.
216
chain of custody
The chronological documentation or paper trail of evidence that might be used in a court of law.
