220-bowel elimination

Question 1

factor influencing bowel elimination

Answer 1

age
daily patterns
diet anf fuld intake
activity and exercise
medications
psychological factors
surgery and anesthesia
diagnostic test
diagnosis

Question 2

how does age effect bowl elimination?

Answer 2

older you are more trouble you have

Question 3

how does diet and fluid intake effect bowl elimination?

Answer 3

can improve it or make it worse
need 20-30g of fiber daily
2-3L of water daily

Question 4

how does medication effect bowel elimination?

Answer 4

Narcotics slow it down, constipation is very common with narcotics

Question 5

how does surgery and anesthesia effect bowel elimination?

Answer 5

everything stops

Question 6

what kind of diagnosis effects bowel elimination?

Answer 6

Peripheral neuropathy in bowels

Question 7

what is involved in a GI assessment?

Answer 7

inspect abdomen
auscultate bowel sounds
palpate abdomen
inspect anus and stool

See if the abdomen is soft and non tender

If your patient is on Nasal Gastric suction, turn the suction off to auscultate the BS
We are inspecting the anus for hemorrhoids

Question 8

what is considered when assessing stool?

Answer 8

Occurrence
volume
color
oder
consistency.
shape

Question 9

how much stool is needed for a culture and sensitivity?

Answer 9

1in or 15-30 mL

Question 10

what is occult blood/guaiac?

Answer 10

a test that can be used to dent blood that cannot be seen

Question 11

what is considered direct visualization?

Answer 11

colonoscopy
sigmoidoscopy
wireless capsule

Question 12

what is considered indirect visualization?

Answer 12

barium enema
barium swallow
CT
ultrasound

Question 13

constipation

Answer 13

Constipation is dry, hard stool

Question 14

impaction

Answer 14

Impaction is hard immovable mass of stool in the rectum or higher.

***remember that absence of stool in the rectum does not rule out impaction. Fecal impaction causes increased pressure in the colon resulting in necrosis of the wall and eventually ulceration and perforation. The distal colon has a relatively poor blood supply making it more susceptible to necrosis from stool impaction

Question 15

diarrhea

Answer 15

Diarrhea is liquid stool from food passing through the intestines rapidly before water is absorbed

Question 16

incontinence

Answer 16

Incontinence is an inability to control bowel sphincters or an inability to tell if they have to have a bowel movement

Question 17

hemorrhoids

Answer 17

Hemorrhoids are distended veins in the rectal folds/internal or external

Question 18

small bowel obstruction

Answer 18

Small bowl obstruction a stoppage of peristalsis that can last days

Question 19

bulk forming

Answer 19

form bulk within the lumen of colon, creates pressure and causes contractions

Question 20

stool softener

Answer 20

These mild laxatives soften dry, hard stool with water that they pull into the stool from the intestine, making it easier to push out the stool.

Question 21

Lubricant

Answer 21

These oily laxatives coat the surface of the stool to retain stool fluid and make it easier to push out the stool.

Question 22

stimulant

Answer 22

Stimulant laxatives trigger the intestines to contract and push out the stool.

Question 23

saline osmotic laxative

Answer 23

Osmotic laxatives draw water into the bowel from the surrounding tissues to soften stools and increase bowel movement frequency.

Question 24

fecal impaction

Answer 24

compacted immoveable mass of feces

(the absence of stool in the rectum does not rule out impaction)

Question 25

treatment for impaction

Answer 25

digital disimpaction enemas

Question 26

digital impaction

Answer 26

patient in left lateral position double glove lubrication break up the mass with finger and remove chunks (do not use on cardiac patients)

Question 27

tap water enema

Answer 27

500-1000 mL (instill slowly) distends intestine, increases peristalsis, softens stool

Question 28

normal saline enema

Answer 28

500-1000 mL distends intestine, increases peristalsis, softens stool

Question 29

soap subs enema

Answer 29

500-1000 mL distends intestine, irritates intestinal mucosa, softens stool

Question 30

Fleets hypertonic

Answer 30

70-130 mL distends intestine, irritates intestinal mucosa

Question 31

oil retention

Answer 31

150-200 mL lubricates stool and intestinal mucosa

Question 32

key points to an enema

Answer 32

left lateral position lubrication of tube assess for bowel perforation after

Question 33

bowel perforation signs

Answer 33

acute abdominal pain rectal pain and bleeding back pain fever

Question 34

bowel perforation facts

Answer 34

often fatal patient die of peritonitis/sepsis

Question 35

two causes of bowel peroration

Answer 35

fecal impaction and enemas

Question 36

treatment of diarrhea

Answer 36

get a culture to determine the cause and find things that could contribute to the cause

Question 37

drugs that decrease GI mobility

Answer 37

atropine Imodium paregoric lomotil

Question 38

absorbent drugs

Answer 38

kaopectate

Question 39

Antimicrobial drugs

Answer 39

peto-bismol

Question 40

what to do if pathogen comes back?

Answer 40

hydrate and let to run it's course. you do not want to change anything.

Question 41

fecal incontinence treatment

Answer 41

bowel training programs retal tubes external appliances

Question 42

bowel training programs

Answer 42

pelvic floor training diet (fluid, fiber, mobility)

Question 43

rectal tubes are used for

Answer 43

runny stool

Question 44

external appliances for fecal incontinence

Answer 44

skin protection peri wash per shield ointment

Question 45

bowel diversions

Answer 45

colostomy ileostomy

Question 46

ileostomy

Answer 46

ileostomy redirects part of the small intestine to a stoma

Question 47

colostomy

Answer 47

colostomy redirects the large intestine (colon) to a stoma

Question 48

formation of stool with bag placement

Answer 48

depending colon placement the should be. more formed compared to small intestine or ascending colon placement should be more runny

Question 49

Stoma care

Answer 49

assessment skin care appliance application dietary teaching

Question 50

dietary teaching for stoma care

Answer 50

No pops, beer, smelly foods like eggs, nuts will cause blockage. Probiotics are good deodorizer

Question 51

colon rectal caner signs

Answer 51

often no signs changes in bowel habits blood in stool constant need to void weakness and fatigue cramping and abdominal pain unintended weight loss

Question 52

how often for colon rectal caner screening?

Answer 52

10 years unless high risk then 3-5 years starting at age 45

Question 53

colon rectal caner risk factors

Answer 53

smoking genetics diets high in red meats