Chapter 11

Question 1

terms

Answer 1

homophobia
trust
equity

Question 2

Gender diffs in adult friendships

Answer 2

• women disclose more about themselves than men do
• women are more likely than men to be recipients of self-disclosures
• women’s friendships may provide more emotional intimacy
• Shared activities may be more important for men than for women

Question 3

Directness and interactiveness strategies

Answer 3

directness (direct-intent) strategy refers to the openness or obliqueness that characterizes an influence attempt like a straightforward request
interactiveness (unilateral-bilateral) is the degree of mutual engagement with the partner required in the influence attempt - a unilateral strategy such as giving an order involves no engagement but a bilateral strategy like arguing requires considerable engagement

Question 4

Directness and interactiveness strategies used in hetero, gay, and les couples intimate relationships

Answer 4

directness (direct-intent) strategy refers to the openness or obliqueness that characterizes an influence attempt like a straightforward request
interactiveness (unilateral-bilateral) is the degree of mutual engagement with the partner required in the influence attempt - a unilateral strategy such as giving an order involves no engagement but a bilateral strategy like arguing requires considerable engagement

Question 5

]principle of least interest

Answer 5

the person who is least dependent on the other for rewards (needs the relationship least) has the most power

Question 6

Gender differences in choosing a partner

Answer 6

• Women are more likely to say it is important that their partner be considerate, honest, fond of children, and a good earner
• Men are more likely to say physical attractiveness is important

Question 7

Gender differences in choosing a partner

Answer 7

• Women are more likely to say it is important that their partner be considerate, honest, fond of children, and a good earner
• Men are more likely to say physical attractiveness is important

Question 8

Gender differences in communication

Answer 8

women tend to provide more support for male speakers than vice versa

Question 9

Gender differences in stability and exclusivity

Answer 9

• Men may be more devastated than women by breakups
• Gay men are more likely than members of mixed -gender or lesbian couples to say they have recently had sex with someone other than their primary partner

Question 10

Gender differences power and influence

Answer 10

• person who needs relationship least has most power (principle of least interest)
• women are more likely to say that conflict with their partner interferes with love
• Both are likely to have access to different bases of interpersonal power
• Women are more likely than men in mix couples to see themselves as having a power disadvantage
• Gay/les partners report less desire than mix for having more power than their partners
• Both women and men with male partners may be more likely to use weak influence strategies with their partner

Question 11

Gender differences in loneliness

Answer 11

Women are more apt to label themselves lonely but men are more likely to blame themselves for their loneliness

Question 12

Gender differences in loneliness

Answer 12

Women are more apt to label themselves lonely but men are more likely to blame themselves for their loneliness

Question 13

Gender differences in marital violence

Answer 13

• Women are more likely to be assaulted violently by an intimate partner
• Targets of marital violence often stay because of lack of resources
• Both are sometimes violent toward their partners but men inflict the most serious damage
• Abusers often justify their actions by blaming their partners

Question 14

4 barriers to good listening that apply

particularly to men

Answer 14

1. not realizing listening is important;
2. assuming and fearing that understanding is the same as agreeing;
3. not understanding the feeling that’s expressed;
4. judgmentalism – criticizing the speaker’s feelings or position; and
5. trying to fix things, rather than just listen.