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Backup > 12 Digestive System IV: Accessory Organs > Flashcards

12 Digestive System IV: Accessory Organs Flashcards

1
Q

List proportions of saliva contributed by each gland per day? (probably know proportions more than exact amounts)

A
  • Submandibular: 600 ml
  • Parotid: 300 ml
  • Sublingual: 50 ml
  • Minor glands: 50 ml
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2
Q

List 4 saliva functions?

A
  • Moisten/lubricate
  • Digest carbs (amylase)
  • Antibacterial
  • Reabsorb Na+ & excrete K+ (via ducts)
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3
Q

Glandular SEPTA are derived from?

A

Connective tissue capsule, a.k.a. “stroma”

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4
Q

Describe the look of a serous cell?

A
  • Basophilic cytoplasm
  • Secretory granules
  • Pyramid shape, circular nucleus
  • In acini
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5
Q

Describe the look of a mucous cell?

A
  • Pale cytoplasm
  • Secretory vesicles
  • In tubules
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6
Q

Myoepithelial cells are locate where? contain what?

A
  • surrounding secretory units & intercalated ducts

- actin/myosin

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7
Q

Intercalated ducts: what epithelium? What extra function?

A
  • Low cuboidal

- Lysozyme & Lactoferrin (antimicrobials)

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8
Q

Striated/intralobular ducts: what epithelium? What extra function?

A
  • Columnar
  • Striations=infoldings w/ mitochondria making energy for HCO3 & K secretion, Na & Cl reabsorption to produce hypotonic saliva
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9
Q

-Interlobular ducts: what epithelium?

A

-Simple columnar

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10
Q

-Main excretory duct occurs when what type of ducts combine?

A

-Interlobular

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11
Q

Parotid gland: What ducts does it have? What proteins does it secrete?

A
  • Striated (serous) and main excretory duct (near upper molars)
  • alpha-amylase & proline-rich antimicrobials that also help bind Ca++ for tooth enamel
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12
Q

Submandibular gland: What ducts does it have? What proteins does it secrete?

A
  • Striated (90% serous) and main excretory duct (via sublingual caruncle)
  • alpha-amylase, proline-rich antimicrobials, & lysozyme
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13
Q

Sublingual gland: What ducts does it have? What

A

-Main excretory (90% mucous) (via sublingual caruncle)

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14
Q

the 3 main salivary glands are branched/unbranched & tubular/acinar?

A
  • Parotid: branched acinar
  • submandib: branched tubule-acinar
  • subling: branched tubule-acinar
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15
Q

T/F pancreas is an endocrine gland?

A

True (islets of Langerhans)

-Note: pancreas is also serous exocrine

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16
Q

Pancreas is branched/unbranched tubular/acinar?

A

branched acinar (like parotid) w/ secretory granules

17
Q

T/F pancreas has striated ducts?

A

F. Goes from intercalated ducts, right to non-striated INTERlobular duct, to main duct

18
Q

Centro-acinar pancreas cells secrete what?

A

bicarb into duodenum

19
Q

What cleaves trypsinogen?

A

enteropeptidase

20
Q

What cleaves other gut proteases?

A

trypsin

21
Q

Pancreas secretets what 5 proteins?

A
  • Trypsinogen
  • Chymotrypsinogen
  • alpha-amylase (more than salivary glands)
  • Lipase
  • Deoxy & Ribonucleases
22
Q

Pancreatitis is caused by?

A

zymogens are cleaved to activity while IN pancreas. usually due to stone/drugs/alcohol.

23
Q

Duodenal S cells have what effect on pancreas?

A

Make “secretin” which activates centroacinar cells to make bicarb

24
Q

Duodenal I cells have what effect on pancrease?

A

Make CCK which activates acinar cells to release zymogens. (note: also causes gallbladder contraction)

25
Q

T/F porta hepatis contains hepatic veins?

A

F. Contains all other liver vessels though.

26
Q

What surrounds liver vessels?

A

Stroma (also makes a capsule around the liver)

27
Q

What does liver stroma eventually give way to?

A

Reticular fibers which support liver cells & sinusoids

28
Q

Hepatocytes are rich in?

A
  • Glycogen granules

- RER

29
Q

T/F portal triads are in center of a liver lobule?

A

F. (Central vein is)

30
Q

T/F Kupffers are on exterior of sinusoid?

A

F.

31
Q

Blood passes from liver sinusoid into what? What is the blood then used for?

A
  • Space of Disse

- Bathe hepatocyte MICROVILLI for nutrient exchange

32
Q

T/F blood flow from both portal triad BLOOD vessels toward the central vein?

A

T

33
Q

T/F Bile flow is toward center of a lobule?

A

F (toward periphery)

34
Q

Bile canaliculi are surrounded by?

A

plasma membranes of 2 adjacent hepatocytes

35
Q

Sphincter of Oddi function?

A

Control flow thru duodenal papilla (from bile duct)

36
Q

T/F gallbladder adds mucous to bile?

A

T

37
Q

Classify Gallbladder epithelium?

A

simple columnar w/ microvilli (w/ lots of folds)

38
Q

T/F gallbladder has muscularis mucosa?

A

F. (has a broad sheet of smooth muscle which contracts to secrete bile)

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