2.2.1 Flashcards
(11 cards)
How many electrons can fit on each of the first 4 shells
2n²
1st = 2
2nd = 8
3rd = 18
4th = 32
What is a shell
Quantised energy level occupied by electrons
What is an orbital
A space occupied by up to 2 electrons with opposite spins
What is a subshell
A group of orbitals where they are all the same type at a given energy level (s, p, d, f)
What is the shape of an s orbital
Spherical
What is the shape of a p orbital
3d dumb-bell
What is the aufbau principle
Fill from the lowest energy to the highest, which means 4s goes before 3d
What is the pauli exclusion principle
Each orbital can contain up to 2 electrons which have opposite spin directions (up and down)
What is hunds rule
Single electrons occupy all empty orbital in a subshell before they form pairs in an orbital
What are the exceptions in electron structure for Cr and Cu
4s electrons fill 3d instead so that it is either half filled or full
With ions, are the 4s or 3d electrons lost first
4s
