2.2.1 electron structure Flashcards
What is the number of electrons which can fill the first four shells?
shell 1- 2
shell 2- 8
shell 3- 18
shell 4- 32
What is an atomic orbital?
An atomic orbital is a region around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins.
What shape is an s-orbital?
An s-orbital has a spherical shape.
What shape is a p-orbital?
A p-orbital has a dumb-bell shape.
How many orbitals does an s-shell have?
One orbital.
How many orbitals does a p-shell have?
Three orbitals.
How many orbitals does a d-shell have?
Five orbitals.
How many electrons fill s-, p-, and d- subshells?
s-subshell- 2
p-subshells- 6
d-subshells- 10
What order do orbitals fill in?
Orbitals fil in order of increasing energy e.g. 2s then 2p.
Why does 4s fill up before 3d?
The 3d sub-shell is at a higher energy level than the 4s sub-shell.
Why do orbitals have two electrons with opposite spins?
The opposite spins help to counteract the repulsion between the negative charges of the two electrons.
How do orbitals fill up in a sub-shell?
One electron occupies each orbital before pairing starts, this prevents any repulsion between electrons until there is no further orbital available.
What are the s-block elements?
Highest energy electrons in the s-sub-shell- left block of two groups.
What are the p-block elements?
Highest energy electrons in the p-sub-shell- right block of six groups.
What are the d-block elements?
Highest energy electrons in the d-sub-shell- centre block of 10 groups.
