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RUSVM Gross Anatomy I > Final Exam - Qs from Objectives > Flashcards

Final Exam - Qs from Objectives Flashcards

1
Q

The _________________ lies opposite to the larynx, ventrolateral to the carotid sheath.

A

The medial retropharyngeal lymph node lies opposite to the larynx, ventrolateral to the carotid sheath.

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2
Q

What are the structures contained within each carotid sheath?

A
  • common carotid artery
  • vagosympathetic nerve trunk
  • internal jugular vein
  • tracheal lymphatic trunk
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3
Q

The carotid sheath is between the __________ dorsally and the __________ ventrally.

A

The carotid sheath is between the omotransversarious dorsally and the sternothyroideus ventrally.

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4
Q

The first cervical spinal nerve passes through ________________

A

The first cervical spinal nerve passes through the lateral vertebral foramen of the atlas

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5
Q

The Great Auricular Nerve extends toward the _____________

A

ear

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6
Q

The phrenic nerves supply the ___________

A

The phrenic nerves supply the diaphragm

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7
Q

__________ is the space between the thoracic limb and the thoracic wall

A

Axilla

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8
Q

The first three dorsal intercostal arteries come from a branch of the _______________

A

The first three dorsal intercostal arteries come from a branch of the costocervical trunk

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9
Q

The External Jugular Vein on the side of the neck is formed by which two veins?

A

linguofacial and maxillary veins

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10
Q

The _______________ is supplied by the fourth, fifth, and sixth ventral and lateral cutaneous vessels and nerves and by branches of the lateral thoracic vessels.

A

The cranial thoracic mamma is supplied by the ​fourth, fifth, and sixth ventral and lateral cutaneous vessels and nerves and by branches of the lateral thoracic vessels.

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11
Q

The lateral thoracic artery, vein, and nerve emerge from the axilla between the __________ and __________ muscles

A

The lateral thoracic artery, vein, and nerve emerge from the axilla between the _latissimus _dorsi and deep pectoral muscles

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12
Q

Explain why there are 8 cervical spinal nerves, but only 7 cervical vertebrae.

A

The first cervical spinal nerve passes through the lateral vertebral foramen of the atlas.

The remaining nerves pass through succeeding intervertebral foramen between the 7th cervical and 1st thoracic vertebrae.

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13
Q

The __________ covers the cranial surface of the diaphragm.

A

diaphragmatic pleura

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14
Q

__________ is the fibroserous covering of the heart

A

Pericardium is the fibroserous covering of the heart

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15
Q

The heart and pericardium are located in the middle part of the mediastinum from the level of the ___ to the ___ rib.

A

The heart and pericardium are located in the middle part of the mediastinum from the level of the 3rd to the 6th rib.

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16
Q

__________ is a loose fold of pleura surrounding the caudal vena cava

A

Plica Vena Cavae is a loose fold of pleura surrounding the caudal vena cava

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17
Q

The trachea bifurcates into left and right __________

A

The trachea bifurcates into left and right principal bronchi

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18
Q

The _________ is the partition between the principle bronchii at their origin from the trachea

A

The carina is the partition between the principle bronchii at their origin from the trachea

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19
Q

The puncta maxima for the pulmonic valve of the heart is at the __________.

A

The puncta maxima for the pulmonic valve of the heart is at the left side 3rd rib space.

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20
Q

The puncta maxima for the aortic valve of the heart is at the __________

A

The puncta maxima for the aortic valve of the heart is at the left side 4th rib space

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21
Q

The puncta maxima for the left AV valve of the heart it as at the __________

A

The puncta maxima for the left AV valve of the heart it as at the left side 5th rib space

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22
Q

The puncta maxima for the right AV valve of the heart is at the __________.

A

The puncta maxima for the right AV valve​ of the heart is at the 4th rib space on the RIGHT side.

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23
Q

The __________ is located at the junction of the tendinous and muscular parts of the right side of the diaphragm

A

The caval foramen is located at the junction of the tendinous and muscular parts of the right side of the diaphragm

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24
Q

The __________ passes through the caval foramen.

A

caudal vena cava

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25
Q

What passes through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm?

A

the aorta, the azygous vein, and the thoracic duct

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26
Q

The espohageal hiatus is in the muscular part of the __________ crus of the diaphragm

(right or left)

A

The espohageal hiatus is in the muscular part of the right crus of the diaphragm

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27
Q

What passes through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm?

A

the esophagus, vagal nerve trunks, and esophageal vessels

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28
Q

The __________ is a bilobed, compressed structure situated in the cranial mediastinum

A

thymus

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29
Q

The cardiac notch of the right lung is located at the ___ and ___ intercostal spaces

A

The cardiac notch of the right lung is located at the 4th and 5th intercostal spaces

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30
Q

The surface of the heart facing the left thoracic wall is called the __________

A

The surface of the heart facing the left thoracic wall is called the auricular surface

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31
Q

The surface of the heart facing the right thoracic wall is called the __________

A

The surface of the heart facing the right thoracic wall is called the atrial surface

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32
Q

The __________ lies between the atria and ventricles and contains the coronary vessels and fat.

A

The coronary sulcus lies between the atria and ventricles and contains the coronary vessels and fat.

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33
Q

The _______________ are the superficial separations of the right and left ventricles.

A

The interventricular sulci are the superficial separations of the right and left ventricles.

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34
Q

The __________ is the outflow tract of the right ventricle of the heart

A

The conus arteriosus is the outflow tract of the right ventricle of the heart

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35
Q

Which sulcus on the heart contains the terminal branch of the left coronary artery?

A

subsinuosal interventricular sulcus

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36
Q

The ________ receives the blood from the systemic veins and most of the blood from the heart itself.

A

The right atrium receives the blood from the systemic veins and most of the blood from the heart itself.

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37
Q

The _________ diverts the inflowing blood from the two caval veins toward the right atrioventricular orifice

A

The intervenous tubercle diverts the inflowing blood from the two caval veins toward the right atrioventricular orifice

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38
Q

The internal surface of the wall of the right auricle is strengthened by interlacing muscular bands, known as the the __________

A

The internal surface of the wall of the right auricle is strengthened by interlacing muscular bands, known as the the pectinate muscles

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39
Q

The __________ is the smooth-surfaced, thick portion of heart muscle shaped like a semilunar crest at the entrance into the auricle

A

The crista terminalis is the smooth-surfaced, thick portion of heart muscle shaped like a semilunar crest at the entrance into the auricle

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40
Q

The __________ are the muscular irregularities of the interior of the ventricular walls.

A

The trabeculae carneae are the muscular irregularities of the interior of the ventricular walls.

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41
Q

The _______________ is a muscular strand that extends across the lumen of the ventricle from the septal to the parietal wall.

A

The trabecula septomarginalis is a muscular strand that extends across the lumen of the ventricle from the septal to the parietal wall.

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42
Q

The __________ is a fibrous connection between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta just caudal to the left subclavian artery

A

The ligamentum arteriosum is a fibrous connection between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta just caudal to the left subclavian artery

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43
Q

Which is larger: the left or right coronary artery?

A

the left coronary artery is about 2x as large as the right

44
Q

The part of the greater omentum that attaches the spleen to the stomach is the __________

A

The part of the greater omentum that attaches the spleen to the stomach is the gastrosplenic ligament

45
Q

The __________ is the most cranial extent of the dome-shaped diaphragm that bulges into the thorax

A

The cupula is the most cranial extent of the dome-shaped diaphragm that bulges into the thorax

46
Q

The gallbladder is located in a fossa between the __________ and __________ lobes of the liver

A

The gallbladder is located in a fossa between the quadrate and right medial lobes of the liver

47
Q

The main duct formed by the union of the hepatic ducts and the cystic duct from the gallbladder is the __________

A

bile duct (ductus choledochus)

48
Q

The descending duodenum is located on the ______ side of the median plane

A

The descending duodenum is located on the right side of the median plane

49
Q

The ascending duodenum is located on the _____ side of the root of the mesentery

A

The ascending duodenum is located on the left side of the root of the mesentery

50
Q

The _________ is the longest portion of the small intestine

A

jejunum

51
Q

The __________ is the terminal portion of the small intestine

A

ileum

52
Q

The ____________ of the bladder leaves the ventral surface of the bladder and attaches on the abdominal wall as far cranial as the umbilicus.

A

The median ligament of the bladder leaves the ventral surface of the bladder and attaches on the abdominal wall as far cranial as the umbilicus.

53
Q

The ______________ of the bladder passes to the pelvic wall and often contains an accumulation of fat along with the ureter and umbilical artery

A

The lateral ligament of the bladder passes to the pelvic wall and often contains an accumulation of fat along with the ureter and umbilical artery

54
Q

The __________ is the dorsal triangular area located within lines connecting the ureteral openings into the bladder and the urethral exit from it.

A

The Trigone of the bladder is the dorsal triangular area located within lines connecting the ureteral openings into the bladder and the urethral exit from it.

55
Q

The __________ is an elongated saccular reservoir receiving lymph from the lumbar and mesenteric lymphatic trunks

A

The cysterna chyli is an elongated saccular reservoir receiving lymph from the lumbar and mesenteric lymphatic trunks

56
Q

The cardia of the equine stomach is located at a relatively fixed point: Where?

A

opposite the upper part of the 11th rib.

57
Q

The transverse colon of the equine passes from _____ to _____ in front of the root of the mesentery

A

The transverse colon of the equine passes from right to left in front of the root of the mesentery

58
Q

What are the 4 chambers of the ruminant stomach?

A
  • Rumen
  • Reticulum
  • Omasum
  • Abomasum

The first 3 are known as the forestomach

59
Q

Which portion of the ruminant stomach is comparable in structure & function to the stomach of most other species?

A

the abomasum

60
Q

If you enter the left paralumbar fossa of a ruminant, which organ would you see?

A

caudal dorsal blind sac

(The upper part of the flank is dished, forming the paralumbar fossa beside the loins)

61
Q

The entrance to the cavity of the omental bursa, located between the caudal vena cava & portal vein ventrally is the ____________

A

epiploic foramen

62
Q

The ___________ of the equine cecum is continuous from apex to base of the cecum and is associated with the ileocecal fold

A

dorsal band

63
Q

The __________ of the equine cecum is associated with the cecocolic fold

A

The lateral band of the equine cecum is associated with the cecocolic fold

64
Q

In an OHE, this ligament is freed from its attachment to the body wall to facilitate removal of the ovary.

A

suspensory ligament of the ovary

65
Q

The __________ is the peritoneum that attaches the uterine tube to the mesovarium the wall of the ovarian bursa

A

mesosalpinx

66
Q

The __________ is the cranial part of the broad ligament of the uterus

A

mesovarium

67
Q

The median ligament of the bladder leaves the ventral surface of the bladder and attaches to the abdominal wall as far cranial as the __________

A

The median ligament of the bladder leaves the ventral surface of the bladder and attaches to the abdominal wall as far cranial as the umbilicus

68
Q

The __________ is a continuation of the rectum to the anus

A

The anal canal is a continuation of the rectum to the anus

69
Q

The __________ is the only branch of the external iliac artery and arises inside the abdomen near the vasculature lacuna and courses caudally

A

deep femoral artery

70
Q

The uterine cervix & cranial portion of the vagina are located, within the pelvic cavity, between the:

A

Rectum and urethra

71
Q

What is the name of the erectile tissue of the canine penis that is covered by the tunica albuginea?

A

corpus cavernosum

72
Q

How many bands are found on the equine cecum?

A

4

73
Q

What do you grab on to during a spay to move the intestinal contents out of the way to get to the right ovary?

A

descending duodenum

74
Q

The lacertus fibrosis in the equine thoracic limb extends off of the biceps brachii m. and continues with the __________ to keep the carpus in extension.

A

extensor carpi radialis m.

75
Q

What structures are involved when male and female dogs “tie”?

A

bulb of the glands penis

&

vestibular bulb of the female

76
Q

What empties at the major duodenal papillae in the canine?

A

common bile duct and pancreatic duct

77
Q

The ___________ extends from the tail of the epididymis to the testicle and into the inguinal canal and ends in the scrotum

A

The gubernaculum extends from the tail of the epididymis to the testicle and into the inguinal canal and ends in the scrotum

78
Q

The gubernaculum becomes the _______________ and the _______________

A

The gubernaculum becomes the

proper ligament of the testicle

and the

ligament of the tail of the epididymis

79
Q

The spermatic fascia surrounds the __________ and __________ in the canine male.

A

vaginal process and cremaster m.

80
Q

Describe the difference between an open vs. closed technique of orchiectomy

A

Closed: Leaves peritoneal cavity closed

Open: Opens peritoneal cavity (incises the parietal vaginal tunic, which opens the outside to the cavity of the scrotum and therefore the abdominal cavity)

81
Q

__________ carries sperm from epididymis to pelvic urethra

A

ductus deferens

82
Q

__________: testosterone responsive tissue on glans penis of feline male

A

Cornified spines (barbs): testosterone responsive tissue on glans penis of feline male

83
Q

Cornified spines on the feline male penis may be present for approximately how long post orchiectomy?

A

Cornified spines on the feline male penis may be present for approximately 30 days post orchiectomy?

84
Q

Apposition of fetal and maternal tissues occurs in clumps (microcotyledons) over the majority of the surface of the chorion.

Classify the type of placenta.

Seen in which animals?

A

Diffuse Placenta

Horses & Pigs

85
Q

Apposition of fetal and maternal tissues

occurs in separate, scattered patches called

placentomes

Classify the type of placenta.

Seen in which animals?

A

Cotyledonary Placenta

Ruminants

86
Q

A band of chorion encircles the trunk of the

embryo.

Classify the type of placenta.

Seen in which animals?

A

Zonary Placenta

Carnivores

87
Q

Which two paired veins drain blood from most of the intercostal spaces (one dorsally and one ventrally)?

A

Internal thoracic veins

88
Q

What is significant about the equine lung?

A

Very little connective tissue in it. “undivided” lung tissue. Very large and simple structure without much lobe separation.

89
Q

what is the serous membrane that is fused on the visceral organs?

A

visceral peritoneum

90
Q

Which is more cranial: right or left kidney?

A

right kidney is more cranial than left kidney

91
Q

The umbilical vein in the fetus becomes the _______________

A

The umbilical vein in the fetus becomes the

round ligament of the liver

92
Q

The umbilical artery in the fetus becomes the _______________

A

The umbilical artery in the fetus becomes the

round ligament of the bladder

93
Q

The ductus arteriosus in the fetus becomes the ________________

A

The ductus arteriosus in the fetus becomes the ligamentum arteriosum

94
Q

The foramen ovale in the fetus becomes the _______________

A

The foramen ovale in the fetus becomes the

fossa ovale

95
Q

What are the two muscles that make up the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Levator ani m.

Coccygeus m.

96
Q

ID the soft tissue structure that demarcates the vestibule from the vagina

A

External urethral orifice

97
Q

ID the soft tissue structure that functions to hold the ovary in a relatively fixed position, attaching them to the last rib

A

suspensory ligament of the ovary

98
Q

What is the soft tissue layer that is directly superficial to the testis?

A

Tunica albuginea

99
Q

What is the erectile tissue that directly surrounds the urethra in the male dog?

A

Corpus spongiosum

100
Q

Rectally palpating a bitch adult Lab retriever, you notice a mass ventrally. ID which space this mass could potentially be occupying:

A

Rectogenital pouch

101
Q

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

A

Proximal border - inguinal ligament

Cranial border - Caudal part of Sartorius m.

Caudal border - Pectineus m.

102
Q

In the equine, breakdown of the peroneus tertious would allow _______ of the stifle and _______ of the hock

A

In the equine, breakdown of the peroneus tertious would allow flexion of the stifle and extension of the hock

103
Q

In the equine, breakdown of the superficial digital flexor would allow _________ of the stifle and _________ of the hock

A

In the equine, breakdown of the superficial digital flexor would allow extension of the stifle and flexion of the hock

104
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System:

characterized by _____ preganglionic fibers and _____ postganglionic fibers

(short, long)

A

Sympathetic Nervous System:

characterized by short preganglionic fibers and long postganglionic fibers

(Way to Remember: If somebody is having a bad day, you would be sympathetic and would write them a LONG POST to make them feel better)

105
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System:

characterized by _____ preganglionic fibers and _____ postganglionic fibers

(short, long)

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System:

characterized by long preganglionic fibers and short postganglionic fibers

RUSVM Gross Anatomy I (10 decks)

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