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Pharmacology > Drugs that affect the nervous system > Flashcards

Drugs that affect the nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

DEXAMATHASONE IS

A

POTENT CORTICOSTEROID

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2
Q

WHAT IS DEXAMATHASONE USED FOR

A 
SEVERE ANAPHYLAXIS
ASTHMA 
COPD
CEREBRAL EDEMA
URTICARIA
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3
Q

PRECAUTIONS OF DEXAMATHASONE

A

USE ONE DOSE

LONG TERM USE CAUSES:

GI BLEEDS
SLOW WOUND HEALING
SUPPRESSION OF NATURAL STEROIDS

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4
Q

HOW IS DEX GIVEN?

A

IV

4 - 10mg

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5
Q

ALL CORTICOIDS HAVE THIS PROPERTY

A

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY

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6
Q

HOW DOES MANNITOL WORK?

A

ITS AN OSMOTIC DIURETIC

INCREASES BLOOD OSMOLARITY

DECREASES SODIUM/WATER ABSORPTION IN KIDNEYS REDUCING TOTAL BODY SODIUM/WATER

PROMOTES FLUID MOVEMENT FROM ICS TO ECS

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7
Q

MANNITOL USES?

A

CEREBRAL EDEMA

BLOOD TRANSFUSION REACTIONS

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8
Q

MANNITOL LESSENS CEREBRAL EDEMA HOW?

A

LOWERS ICP BY DEHYDRATING BRAIN TISSUE

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9
Q

MANNITOL ONSET
PEAK EFFECT
DURATION
HALF LIFE

A

MANNITOL ONSET 15 MINUTES
PEAK EFFECT 3 - 8 HOURS
DURATION VARIABLE
HALF LIFE 100 MINUTES

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10
Q

MANNITOL CONTRAINDICATIONS

A

ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA
SEVERE PULMONARY CONGESTION
PROFOUND HYPOVOLEMIA

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11
Q

MANNITOL PRECAUTIONS

A

CAUSES CHF IF GIVEN RAPIDLY

DEPLETES SALT

CRYSTALIZES AT LOW TEMP.

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12
Q

MANNITOL DOSE

A

IV
1.5 to 2.0 g/KG BOLUS

GIVEN SLOWLY
ELIMINATES THE CHANCES OF CHF

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13
Q

METHYLPREDNISOLONE USE

A

SAME AS DEX EXCEPT SPINAL CHORD INJURY NOT CEREBRAL EDEMA

PEAK EFFECTS MUCH LATER 4-8 DAYS

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14
Q

WHAT DO BENZOS DO?

A

SEDATIVE
ANXIOLYTIC
ANTICONVULSIVE

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15
Q

HOW DO BENZOS WORK?

A

BY POTENTIATING GABA

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16
Q

DILANTIN USE

A

MAJOR MOTOR SEIZURES
STATUS EPILEPTICUS
DIGITALIS TOXICITY DYSRHYTHMIAS

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17
Q

DILANTIN ACTION

A

SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER

STOPS SUSTAINED RAPID FIRING OF NEURONS DURING A SEIZURE

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18
Q

CONTRAINDICATIONS DILANTIN

A

HYPERSENSITIVITY
BRADYCARDIA
HIGH GRADE HEART BLOCK

CHRONIC USERS OF THE DRUG MUST HAVE BLOOD LEVEL DETERMINED BEFORE ADMIN

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19
Q

PHENOBARBITAL

LUMINAL

A

BARBITURATE
SEDATIVE
ANTICONVULSANT

20
Q

LUMINAL USE

LUMINAL CAUTION

A

MAJOR MOTOR SEIZURES
STATUS EPILEPTICUS
ACUTE ANXIETY STATE

(KIDS WILL BECOME HYPERACTIVE)
(DECREASES BP AND RESPS)

21
Q

ADMINISTERING O2 RAISES OXYGEN LEVEL BY INCREASING 02 CONCENTRATION OF

A

INSPIRED%
ALVEOLI%
ARTERIAL%
CELL%

22
Q

02 SIDE EFFECTS

A

POSSIBLE FREE RADICAL INDUCTION
MUCOUS MEMBRANE DRYING–>EPISTAXIS
RAISES TOXICITY OF PARAQUAT AND DIAQUAT

23
Q

HYDROCORTISONE IS CONSIDERED A _____ ______ STEROID

A

“SHORT ACTING”

24
Q

EFFECT OF ACETYLCHOLINE ON CARDIAC RECEPTORS

A

NEGATIVE CHRONO
NEGATIVE INO

CLOSES CALCIUM CHANNELS
OPENS POTASSIUM CHANNELS

25
Q

SNS EFFECT ON KIDNEY FUNCTION

A

STIMULATES RAS
VASOCONSTRICTION
SODIUM/WATER RETENTION
INCREASING BP

26
Q

EPI

A

SYMPATHETIC AGONIST
ACTS FAST
LASTS SHORT
USED TO INDUCE BRONCHODILATION

27
Q

BETABLOCKER - ANTICHOLINERGIC - RELATIVES?

A

NO

28
Q

BETA BLOCKER USE

A

V ARRHYTHMIAS REFRACTORY TO LIDOCAINE AND BRETYLIUM

NEG INO
NEG CHRONO
NEG DROMO
DECREASE BP
DECREASE MYOCAR O2 DEMAND
Negative Inotropic effects
Negative Chronotropic effects
Negative Dromotropic effects
Lowers blood pressure
Lowers myocardial oxygen demand

INDICATED FOR VETRICULAR DYSRHYTHMIAS REFRACTORY TO LIDOCAINE AND BRETYLIUM

29
Q

BETA BLOCKER CONTRAINDICATIONS

A

BRADYCARDIA
ASTHMA
COPD
CHF

MAY MASK HYPOGLYCEMIA - CAUTION DIABETICS
KEEP ATROPINE CLOSE BY

30
Q

PATHO OF BETA BLOCKERS

A

BLOCKING B1 AND B2 CAUSES CARDIOVASCULAR SEDATION/VASODILATION, BRONCHOSPASM AND CHF

31
Q

PHARMA TREATMENT OF BB OVERDOSE

A

HARD DUE TO PROFOUND HEMODYNAMICS

GLUCAGON IS THE ANTIDOTE IF SUCH A LARGE DOSE IS ABAILABLE 3 - 10 MG BOLUS

FOR SEIZURES USE BENZOS - DILANTIN OR LUMINAL FOR REFRACTIONS

B2 AGONIST FOR BRONCHOSPASMS – AMYNOPHYLENE IF SEVERE

32
Q

Lidocaine and other cocaine derivatives therapeutic uses

A

antiarrhythmic and local/topical anasthetic

it’s a sodium channel blocker used for life threatening ventricular arrhythmias refractory to amiodarone. suppresses depolirazation and automaticity in the ventricles. does not slow AV conduction or depress contractility (at therapeutic doses). Mainly a NEGATIVE CHRONOTROPIC effect. Sometimes used for AMI and dlectrical defibrillation

Burns, musculoskeletal trauma pain

topical anesthetic

33
Q

calcium channel blockers uses, pharmacodynamics etc

A

verapimil, diltiazem
negative dromotropic, anti-hypertensive agents, reduce myocardial oxygen demand

used in cases ventricular arrhythmia refraction to adenosine

34
Q

amiodarone is an

A

pottasium channel blocker

ANTIARRHYTHMIC indicated during unresponsiveness to other antiarrhythmics

treats life threatening arrhythmias (ventricular)
prolongs action potential of all cardiac tissues
2 month half life

35
Q

which drugs have anti arrhythmic and anti-convulsive properties?

A

Dilantin

36
Q

Atropine uses etc

A

Hemodynamically significant bradycardia
Asystole
Organophosphate poisonings

37
Q

PARASYMPATHOLYTIC is the same as

A

ANTICHOLINERGIC

38
Q

DIGOXIN (LANOXIN) USE

A

CARDIAC GLYCOSIDE FOR CHF AND V-DYSRHYTHMIAS

INOTROPE - INCREASES»CARDIAC OUTPUT

39
Q

HEPARIN WHAT IS IT

A

RAPID ACTING ANTI-COAGULANT

STOPS FIBRINOGEN–>FIBRIN

40
Q

HEPARIN USE

A

UNSTABLE ANGINA
NON Q WAVE MI
DVT AND PULMONARY EMBOLISM PREVENTION

41
Q

STREPTOKINASE WHATS IT

A

STREPTOCOCCI ENZYME

ACTIVATES HUMAN PLASMINOGEN

42
Q

STREPTOKINASE USE

A

A FIBRINOLYTIC

43
Q

ANISTREPLASE WHATS IT

A

A NEWER FIBRINOLYTIC WITH PURIFIED HUMAN PLASMINOGEN

44
Q

MORPHINE WHATS IT WHATS ITS INDICKATION

A

CNS DEPRESSANT
POTENT ANALGESIC

FOR MI PAIN
KIDNEY STONES

45
Q

ALBUTAROL (SALBUTAMOL, VENTOLIN, PROVENTIL) WHATS IT TO YA

A

B2 ADRENERGIC SYMPATHOMIMETIC

FOR BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
REVERSIBLE COPD BRONCHOSPASM

46
Q

EPI IS

A

NATURAL CATECHOLAMINE/SYMPATHETIC AGONIST FOR:

BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
COPD
ANAPHYLAXIS

47
Q

DEXTRAMATHOSONE MAIN ACTION BABY

A

ANTI INFLAMMATORY

Pharmacology (4 decks)

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