Hypertension Flashcards
What are the two aetiologies of hypertension?
Primary- due to diet etc.
Secondary- due to underlying disease
What are the two outcomes of hypertension
Benign- predisposes to many complication
Malignant- is life threatening and damaging in itself
What kind of hypertension do most people have
primary
What are common causes of secondary hypertension
Renal disease eg renal artery stenosis
Sleep apnoea
What are rarer causes of secondary hypertension
Intracranial disease
Endocrine disorders eg conn’s, cushings, pheochromacytoma
Coartication of the aorta
What is conns syndrome
increase aldosterone
What is cushings syndrome
increased corticosteroid
What is a pheolchromcytoma?
neuroendocrine tumour, increased noradrenaline
What does benign hypertension potentially cause
LV hypertrophy CHF More atheromas AAA, dissection Renal disease Stroke Arrythmia -->sudden cardiac death
What is the definition of malignant hypertension
DBP of more than 130
What be the outcome of malignant hypertension
Can develop from primary or secondary or de novo Cerebral oedema Acute renal or heart failure Cerebral haemorrhage fibrinoid necrosis of blood vessels
What causes isolated systolic hypertension
atherosclerosis
How is a diagnosis of hypertenion made?
if clinical BP is more than 140/9 then ambularory or hime BP monitoring is used to make the diagnosis
How is ABPM done?
Two measurements every hour that the patient is awak
Must be the average of at least seven hours
How is HBPM done?
Two measurements taken one min apart for at least four days but prefereably seven
The first day doesnt count and an average of the remaining days is taken
