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Psychiatry > Sleep-Wake Disorders > Flashcards

Sleep-Wake Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Generally, what are the 2 stages of sleep?

A

NREM and REM

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2
Q

In order to remember the stages of sleep (awake with eyes open, awake with eyes close, N1, N2, N3, and REM), what do bats do at night?

A

BATS Drink Blood

Awake with eyes open- Beta
Awake with eyes close- Alpha
N1- Theta
N2- Sleep spindles and K complexes
N3- Delta
REM- Beta
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3
Q

True or False: REM sleep is characterized by slowing of the EEG rhythms, high muscle tone, no eye movmenets, and no “thoughtlike” mental activity.

A

False

Thats NREM

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4
Q

Which stage of sleep is chracterized by dreaming, loss of motor tone, possible memory processing function, erections, and increased brain O2 use?

A

REM

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5
Q

This is the transition from wakefullness to sleep.

A

Hypnagogic

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6
Q

This is the transition from sleep to wakefullness

A

Hypnopomic

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7
Q

True or False: the entire body is affected by sleep deprivation.

A

False

Only the cerebral cortex is mainly affected, but it can cope

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8
Q

What % of lost sleep is made up?

A

1/3

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9
Q

If you’ve only slept for ____ hours, you function at the level of someone who is legally drunk

A

5

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10
Q

In sleep deprivation, what happens to the following measures?

Lymphocyte levels
Cortisol levels
BP
Glucose tolerance
Amygdala activation
Prefrontal cortical activity
Mood
A 
Lymphocyte levels ↓
Cortisol levels ↑
BP ↑
Glucose tolerance ↓
Amygdala activation ↑
Prefrontal cortical activity ↓
Mood ↓
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11
Q

In both kids and adults, REM sleep increases after what activity?

A

Learning

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12
Q

What sort of tasks are impaired if u dont get REM sleep?

A

Complex ones

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13
Q

During the first 3 hours of sleep, what happens to the levels of the following hormones?

HGH
PRL
D
5-HT
TSH
A 
HGH ↑
PRL ↑
D ↓
5-HT ↑
TSH ↓
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14
Q

What is the total sleep time/24 hours for the following ages?

Neonate
1 yr
10 yr
13-16 yr

A

Neonate: 16-18hr
1 yr: 12hr
10 yr: 10hr
13-16 yr: 8hr

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15
Q

What is the # of sleep periods/24 hours for the following ages?

Neonate
1-2yr
5-10yr

A

Neonate: 6-9yr
1-2yr: 2-3
5-10yr: 1

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16
Q

What stage of sleep vanishes in the elderly?

A

Stage 4

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17
Q

This is the condition where there is a predominant complaint of dissatisfaction with sleep quality or quantity, and has problems initiation, maintaining, or waking from sleep.

A

Insomnia

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18
Q

Insomnia has to happen for at least 3 nights/week for how many months to be diagnostic?

A

3 months

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19
Q

This is the condition where there is an excessive quantity of sleep, deteriorated quality of wakefulness, and sleep inertia.

A

Hypersomnolence

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20
Q

This is the condition where there is recurrent periods of irrepressible need to sleep, lapsing into sleep, or napping occuring within the same day.

A

Narcolepsy

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21
Q

In narcolepsy, what is it called when there is brief episodes of sudden bilateral loss of muscle tone, precipitated by laughter or joking, of by jaw opening and tongue thrusting?

A

Cataplexy

22
Q

What proteins, made by the lateral hypothalamus, are decreased in the CSF in narcoleptic patients?

A

Hypocretin-1 (orexin A)

23
Q

Say for instance a patient has excessive daytime sleepiness and you’re trying to figure out if it’s narcolepsy or obstructive sleep apnea, what clues about morning “refresh” are caracteristic of obstrcutive sleep apnea?

A

Obstructive sleep apnea do not feel refreshed in the morning.

24
Q

What is the main testing method to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea?

A

Polysomnography

25
Q

What is the condition characterized by repeated episodes of apneas and hypopneas during sleep caused by variability in respiratory effort but WITHOUT evidence of airway obstruction?

A

Idiopathic CENTRAL sleep apnea

26
Q

What is the breathing pattern in central sleep apnea, characterized by a pattern on periodic crescendo-decrescendo variation in TV of at least 5 events per hour?

A

Cheyne-Stokes breathing

27
Q

What class of meds can cause goofy nighttime sleep patterns because of their effect on the medulla?

A

Opioids

28
Q

What are the 3 main causes of sleep-related hypoventilation?

A
  1. Idiopathic
  2. Congenital
  3. Comorbid to neuro/pulm/fat disorders
29
Q

This is the condition where there is a persistent or recurrent pattenr of sleep disruption that is primarily due to an alteration of the circadian system or to a malalignment between the endogenous circadian rhythm and the sleep-wake schedule.

like a kid going to bed at 3am and going to school at 8 and is tired all day but fine on the weekends.

A

Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder

30
Q

What sleep phase type of circadian rhythm disorder is characterized by a history of a delay in the timing of the major sleep period in relation to the desired sleep and wake-up time.

A

Delayed sleep phase type

31
Q

What sleep phase type of circadian rhythm disorder is characterized by familial ties (AD) to sleep-wake times that are several hours earliet than desired or conventional times.

A

Advanced sleep phase type

32
Q

What sleep phase type of circadian rhythm disorder is characterized by insomnia at night and excessive sleepiness during the day?

A

Irregular sleep wake type

33
Q

What sleep phase type of circadian rhythm disorder is characterized by insomnia or excessive sleepiness related to abnormal syndronization between the 24-hour light-dark cycle and endogenous circadian rhythm?

A

non-24 sleep-wake type

34
Q

What sleep phase type of circadian rhythm disorder is characterized by people working in the night?

A

Shift work type

35
Q

This is a group of disorders characterized by abnoral behavioral, experiential, or physiological events occurring in association with sleep, specific sleep stages, or sleep-wake transitions.

A

Parasomnias

36
Q

This is the Parasomnias characterized by sleepwalking and sleep terrors.

A

Non-REM sleep arousal disorders

putting pillows in the oven and your moms purse in the freezer

37
Q

True or False: sleepwalking and sleep terrors are characterized by amnesia.

A

True

38
Q

This is the disorder characterized by repeated occurrences of extended, extremely dysphoric, and well-remembered dreams that are scary.

A

Nightmare disorder

39
Q

This is the disorder characterized by repeated episodes of arousal during sleep, associated with vocalization and/or complex motor behaviors during REM sleep.

A

REM sleep behavior disorder

40
Q

This is the disorder where you turn into Ursula or some sort of amoebic tweaking monkey during sleep and cant stop your legs from going ape shit.

A

Restless legs syndrome

41
Q

Will drugs that increase Dopamine increase or decrease wakefullness?

A

Increase wakefullness

42
Q

Benzos will decrease what 2 stages of sleep?

A

REM and stage 4

43
Q

Though booze put you to sleep and you get subsequent permanent marker art, what will EtOH do in the later half of the night?

A

Increase wakefulness

44
Q

Alcohol intoxication will decrease what stage of sleep?

A

REM

45
Q

Barbs will decrease what stage of sleep?

A

REM

46
Q

What happens to the following factors in depression?

MI
REM latency
Stage 4 and 3 sleep
Sleep periods
Early morning waking
Diurnal
A 
MI ↑
REM latency ↓
Stage 4 and 3 sleep ↓
Sleep periods ↑
Early morning waking ↑
Diurnal ↑
47
Q

Which NT intiates sleep?

A

Serotonin

48
Q

Which NT is higher during REM sleep (causing boners)?

A

Ach

49
Q

Which NT is lower during RPM sleep?

A

NE

50
Q

Which NT produces arousal and wakefulness, and rises with waking?

A

Dopamine

SANDman

Psychiatry (10 decks)

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