224 Flashcards by Love Class

The volume of plasma filtered per unit time is the
renal blood flow
renal plasma flow
glomerular filtration rate
clearance

glomerular filtration rate

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All of the following are normal constituent of urine EXCEPT

hydrogen ions
urea
proteins
salts

proteins

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Assuming a normal cardiac output and renal blood flow, what is the glomerular filtration rate?
Seventy (70) ml/min
One-hundred and twenty (125) ml/min
Six-hundred and sixty (660) mI/min
One-thousand-two hundred (1,200) ml/min
Five and a quarter (5.25) L/min

125

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Urine is conducted from the kidneys to the urinary bladder through a structure called
O renal column
O renal pelvis
O urethra
O ureter

ureter

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Substances travel from the glomerulus into Bowman’s capsule by the process of
diffusion
active transport
filtration
osmosis

filtration

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The outer most zone of the kidney is the
cortex
medulla
renal pyramid
major calyx

Cortex

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The primary site of nutrient filtration is the
O glomerulus
O proximal tubule
O distal tubule
O collecting duct

glomerulus

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Which of the following portions of the nephron is impermeable to water?
O Glomerulus
O Descending loop of Henle
O Ascending loop of Henle
O Collecting ducts

Ascending loop of Henle

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All of the following processes are involved in urine formation EXCEPT
filtration
catabolism
reabsorption
secretion

catabolism

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The initial step in urine formation is
O glomerular filtration
O tubular reabsorption
O tubular secretion
O concentration of urine

glomerular filtration

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Secretion of aldosterone will results in ______ reabsorption and. _______ secretion.
sodium/chloride
sodium/water
sodium/potassium
sodium/calcium

sodium/potassium

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The clearance of compound Y is less than the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for compound Y. Compound Y is
only filtered
filtered and reabsorbed
filtered and secreted
secreted and reabsorbed

filtered and reabsorbed

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ADH has the greatest effect on water reabsorption in the
proximal tubules
loop of Henle
collecting duct
ureter

collecting duct

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Which of the following statement best describes secretion?
The movement of solutes from the glomerulus into the proximal tubule
The movement of solutes from the proximal tubule into the blood
The movement of solutes from the blood into the tubule
The movement of solutes from the tubule into the ureter

The movement of solutes from the blood into the tubule

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In a normal individual, all of the following nitrogenous wastes resulting from protein catabolism may be detected in the urine EXCEPT
Urea
ammonia
creatinine
amino acids

amino acids

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Which portion of the nephron is impermeable to water?

The glomerulus
The proximal convoluted tubule
The ascending lop of Henle
The distal convoluted tubule
None of the above

The ascending lop of Henle

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Which of the following substances is released by the Juxtaglomerular cells?

Cortisol
ADH
Aldosterone
Renin

Renin

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Aldosterone will have its greatest physiological effect on the

glomerulus
proximal tubules
loop of Henle
distal tubules
collecting ducts

distal tubules

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Drinking a large volume of water will

decrease urine osmolarity
stimulate of ADH secretion
stimulate of aldosterone secretion
all of the above

decrease urine osmolarity

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Which of the following cells of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus is found in the distal tubule?

Macula lutea cells
Juxtaglomerular cells
Macula densa cells
Macula fovea cells

Macula densa cells

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The shape of the kidney could best be described as
bean-shaped
pear-shaped
pea-shaped
potato-shaped

bean-shaped

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The volume of blood flowing through the kidneys is _
that of cardiac output.
One-fifth (1/5)
One-third (1/3)
One-half (1/2)
Two-third (2/3)
Three-fourth (3/4)

One-fifth (1/5)

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Which portion of the nephron is primarily involved in reabsorption?
O Glomerulus
O Proximal tubules
O loop of Henle
O Distal tubules
O Collecting tubules

Proximal tubules

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Which portion of the renal corpuscle is impermeable to water?
O The glomerulus
O The proximal convoluted tubule
O The ascending loop of Henle
O The distal convoluted tubule
O None of the above

None of the above

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Relating to Starling's hypothesis, which of the following factors has the greatest effect on water reentering the capillaries? hydrostatic pressure oncotic pressure electrostatic gradient concentration gradient

oncotic pressure

A decrease in blood osmolarity results in which of the following? Increased AH secretion Increased permeability of the collecting ducts to water Decreased urine output All of the above None of the above

None of the above

Secretion of this hormone will result in an increase in urine volume. ANF ADH Aldosterone None of the above - all result in reabsorption of water

ANF

The incidence of urinary tract infection is more comment in women than in men. Reasons for this misfortune include the female urethra is much shorter than male the urethra is enclosed within the labia minora the surrounding environment is moist and damp alL of the above

All of the above

Dilatation of the afferent arteriole will results in (assuming no changes in the efferent arteriole) an increase in glomerular capillary pressure an increase in net filtration pressure an increase in glomerular filtration rate all of the above none of the above

All of the above

The primary function of the collecting tubules is filtration secretion Reabsorption concentration of urine

concentration of urine

The function of the urinary system is to O Maintain homeostasis O Excrete waste products O Secrete hormone that stimulates production of red blood cells O Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance O All of the above

All of the above

The urinary system organ that removes waste products from the body and helps regulate blood pressure is the Liver Heart Kidneys Lungs Rectum

Kidneys

What is the principal function of the ureter? Transport blood to the efferent arterioles Transport urine from the renal pelvis into the urinary bladder Transport glucose and protein into the renal pelvis None of the above

Transport urine from the renal pelvis into the urinary bladder

What structure receives urine flowing down the ureters? O Renal pelvis © Ureter O Urethra © Urinary bladder

Urinary bladder

The small tube leading from the floor of the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body is the O Renal pelvis O Ureter O Urethra O Urinary bladder

Urethra

How much blood enters the renal arteries per minute? One-hundred and eighty liters (180 L) One-thousand two hundred milliliters (1200 mL) Five hundred milliliters (500 mL) Six hundred and sixty milliliters (660 mL) One hundred and twenty-five milliliters (125 mL)

One-thousand two hundred milliliters (1200 mL)

In the kidneys, the largest volume of water reabsorption occurs in which of the following? © Glomerular capillaries O Collecting duct O Proximal convoluted tubules O Distal convoluted tubules O Loop of Henle

Proximal convoluted tubules

There are three basic renal processes for urine formation. Which of the following is NOT one of these processes? Excretion Tubular reabsorption Tubular secretion Glomerular filtration

Excretion

The volume of plasma filtered per unit time is the renal blood flow renal plasma flow glomerular filtration rate clearance

glomerular filtration rate

All of the following are normal constituent of urine EXCEpf hydrogen ions proteins Urea salts

proteins

Assuming a normal cardiac output and renal blood flow, what is the glomerular filtration rate? Seventy (70) mI/min One-hundred and twenty (125) mI/min Six-hundred and sixty (660) ml/min One-thousand-two hundred (1,200) ml/min Five and a quarter (5.25) L/min

125

Urine is conducted from the kidneys to the urinary bladder through a structure called renal column renal pelvis urethra ureter

ureter

Substances travel from the glomerulus into Bowman's capsule by the process of diffusion active transport filtration osmosis

filtration

The outer most zone of the kidney is the cortex medulla renal pyramid major calyx

Cortex

The primary site of nutrient filtration is the glomerulus proximal tubule distal tubule collecting duct

glomerulus

Which of the following portions of the nephron is impermeable to water? Glomerulus Descending loop of Henle Ascending loop of Henle Collecting ducts

Ascending loop of Henle

All of the following processes are involved in urine formation EXCEPT filtration catabolism reabsorption secretion

catabolism

The initial step in urine formation is glomerular filtration tubular reabsorption tubular secretion concentration of urine

glomerular filtration

Secretion of aldosterone will results in _______ reabsorption and ________ secretion. sodium/chloride sodium/water sodium/potassium sodium/calcium

sodium/potassium

The clearance of compound Y is less than the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for compound Y. Compound Y is only filtered filtered and reabsorbed filtered and secreted secreted and reabsorbed

filtered and reabsorbed

ADH has the greatest effect on water reabsorption in the proximal tubules loop of Henle collecting duct ureter

collecting duct

Which of the following statement best describes secretion? The movement of solutes from the glomerulus into the proximal tubule The movement of solutes from the proximal tubule into the blood The movement of solutes from the blood into the tubule The movement of solutes from the tubule into the ureter

The movement of solutes from the blood into the tubule

In a normal individual, all of the following nitrogenous wastes resulting from protein catabolism may be detected in the urine EXCEPT urea ammonia creatinine amino acids

Amino acids

Which portion of the nephron is impermeable to water? BUCKS TARDS Correct! correct. P Help Center ? Question 15 The glomerulus The proximal convoluted tubule The ascending loop of Henle The distal convoluted tubule None of the above

The ascending loop of Henle

Which of the following substances is released by the Juxtaglomerular cells? Cortisol ADH Aldosterone Renin

Renin

Aldosterone will have its greatest physiological effect on the glomerulus proximal tubules loop of Henle distal tubules collecting ducts

distal tubules

Drinking a large volume of water will decrease urine osmolarity stimulate of ADH secretion stimulate of aldosterone secretion all of the above

decrease urine osmolarity

Which of the following cells of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus is found in the distal tubule? Macula lutea cells Juxtaglomerular cells Macula densa cels Macula fovea cells

Macula densa cels

The shape of the kidney could best be described as bean-shaped pear-shaped pea-shaped potato-shaped

bean-shaped

The volume of blood flowing through the kidneys is ____ that of cardiac output. One-fifth (1/5) One-third (1/3) One-half (1/2) Two-third (2/3) Three-fourth (3/4)

1/5

Which portion of the nephron is primarily involved in reabsorption? Glomerulus Proximal tubules loop of Henle Distal tubules Collecting tubules

Proximal tubules

Which portion of the renal corpuscle is impermeable to water? The glomerulus The proximal convoluted tubule The ascending loop of Henle The distal convoluted tubule None of the above

The ascending loop of Henle

oncotic pressure

A decrease in blood osmolarity results in which of the following? Increased ADH secretion Increased permeability of the collecting ducts to water Decreased urine output AIl of the above None of the above

None of the above

Secretion of this hormone will result in an increase in urine volume. ANF ADH Aldosterone None of the above - all result in reabsorption of water

ANF

All of the above

all of the above

The primary function of the collecting tubules is filtration secretion reabsorption concentration or urine

concentration or urine

The shape of the kidney could best be described as bean-shaped pear-shaped pea-shaped. potato-shaped

bean-shaped

The volume of plasma filtered per unit time is the renal blood flow renal plasma flow glomerular filtration rate clearance

glomerular filtration rate

Assuming a normal cardiac output and renal blood flow, what is the glomerular filtration rate? Seventy ml/min (70 ml/min) One hundred and twenty-five ml/min (125 ml/min) Six hundred and sixty ml/min (660 ml/min) One point two liters/min (1.200 ml/min) Five point two-five liters/min (5.25 L/min)

125

All of the following are normal constituent of urine EXCEPT hydrogen ions urea proteins salts

proteins

The outer most zone of the kidney is the cortex medulla renal pyramid major calyx

cortex

The clearance of compound Y is less than the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for compound Y. Compound Y is only filtered Filtered and reabsorbed filtered and secreted secreted and reabsorbed

Filtered and reabsorbed

Which of the following portions of the nephron is impermeable to water? Glomerulus Descending loop of Henle Ascending loop of Henle Collecting ducts

Ascending loop of Henle

All of the following processes are involved in urine formation EXCEPT filtration catabolism reabsorption secretion

catabolism

The initial step in urine formation is glomerular filtration tubular reabsorption tubular secretion concentration of urine

glomerular filtration

Secretion of aldosterone will results in ______ reabsorption and _____ secretion. sodium/chloride sodium/water sodium/potassium sodium/calcium

sodium/potassium

The primary site of nutrient filtration is the glomerulus proximal tubule distal tubule collecting duct

glomerulus

The volume of blood flowing through the kidneys is ______ that of cardiac output. One-fifth (1/5) One-third(1/3) One-half(1/2) Two-third (2/3) Three-fourth (3/4)

1/5

Which portion of the nephron is primarily involved in reabsorption? Glomerulus Proximal tubules loop of Henle Distal tubules Collecting tubules

Proximal tubules

The clearance of compound X is greater than the GF for compound X. Compound X is only filtered filtered and reabsorbed filtered and secreted secreted and reabsorbed

filtered and secreted

ADH has the greatest effect on water reabsorption in the proximal tubules loop of Henle collecting duct ureter

collecting duct

Which of the following statement best describes secretion? The movement of solutes from the glomerulus into the proximal tubule The movement of solutes from the proximal tubule into the blood The movement of solutes from the blood into the tubule The movement of solutes from the tubule into the ureter

The movement of solutes from the blood into the tubule

All of the following statements are correct for the proximal tubules EXCEPT It is highly convoluted It is nearest to Bowman's capsule It contains microvilli It is furthest from the renal corpuscle

It is furthest from the renal corpuscle

In a normal individual, all of the following nitrogenous wastes resulting from protein catabolism may be detected in the urine EXCEPT urca ammonia creatinine amino acids

amino acids

All of the following statements are correct for the proximal tubules EXCEPT It is highly convoluted It is nearest to Bowman's capsule It contains microvilli It is furthest from the renal corpuscle

It is furthest from the renal corpuscle

In a normal individual, all of the following nitrogenous wastes resulting from protein catabolism may be detected in the urine EXCEPT urca ammonia creatinine amino acids

amino acids

Secretion of this hormone will result in an increase in urine volume ANF ADH Aldosterone None of the above - all result in reabsorption of water

ANF

Which portion of the renal corpuscle is impermeable to water? The glomerulus The proximal convoluted tubule The ascending loop of Henle The distal convoluted tubule None of the above

None of the above

Which of the following substances is released by the Juxtaglomerular cells? Cortisol ADH Aldosterone Renin

Renin

Relating to Starling's hypothesis, which of the following factors has the greatest effect on water reentering the capillaries? hydrostatic pressure oncotic pressure clectrostatic gradient concentration gradient

oncotic pressure

Aldosterone will have its greatest physiological effect on the glomerulus proximal tubules loop of Henle distal tubules collecting ducts

distal tubules

Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin I in the kidneys liver lungs intestine

lungs

Drinking a large volume of water will decrease urine osmolarity stimulate of ADH secretion stimulate of aldosterone secretion all of the above

decrease urine osmolarity

Aldosterone regulates ____ while ADH regulates ____ Potassium/ sodium Sodium/water Water/phosphate Phosphate/calcium

Sodium/water

Hormones affecting the glomerular filtration rate include renin aldosterone epinephrine all of the above none of the above

all of the above

A decrease in blood osmolarity results in which of the following? Increased ADH secretion Increased permeability of the collecting ducts to water Decreased urine output All of the above None of the above

None of the above

Which of the following cells of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus is found in the distal tubule? Macula lutea cells Juxtaglomerular cells Macula densa cells -Macula fovca cells

Macula densa cells

all of the above

All of the above

A decrease in plasma sodium concentration will cause a decrease in albumin reabsorption creatinine reabsorption inulin reabsorption water reabsorption

water reabsorption

Aldosterone secretion will results in all of the following EXCEPT increase sodium excretion increase water retention increase blood pressure increase potassium excretion

increase sodium excretion

The function of transitional epithelium is protection reabsorption secretion distention diffusion

distention

The primary function of the collecting tubules is filtration secretion reabsorption concentration of urine

concentration of urine

The functional unit of the kidney is the glomerulus Bowman's capsule tubules nephron

nephron

Which portion of the nephron would you expect to see a high concentration of mitochondria? The glomerulus The proximal tubule The loop of Henle The distal tubule The collecting duct

The proximal tubule

The ureter serves to transport blood from the efferent arterioles transport urine from the renal pelvis into the urinary bladder transport glucose and protein into the renal pelvis all of the above none of the above

transport urine from the renal pelvis into the urinary bladder

The organ involved in waste removal from the body and helps regulate blood pressure and volume is the liver heart. kidneys lungs

kidneys

The kidneys lie on the dorsal wall of the _____ cavity. cranial abdominal thoracic lateral

abdominal

A 48 year-old male presents to your clinic complaining of: "I am gaining weight very fast and I am not eating at all and another thing, my urine, I am not 'peeing' as much as before." Past medical history is significant for hypertension and diabetes type I. Physical exam was significant for elevated blood pressure. Laboratory work-up confirms your diagnosis. The patient was given a diagnosis of chronic renal failure secondary to poorly controlled hypertension and diabetes. His anti-hypertensive and diabetic medications were altered to ensure compliance and efficacy. The first step in urine formation occurs in/at the vasa recta glomerulus proximal convoluted tubule distal tubules

glomerulus

The largest (greatest) volume of water reabsorption occurs in the glomerular capillaries collecting duct proximal convoluted tubules distal tubules

proximal convoluted tubules

The largest (greatest) volume of glucose reabsorption occurs in the glomerular capillaries collecting duct proximal convoluted tubules distal tubules

proximal convoluted tubules

Angiotensinogen is produced by the kidneys liver lungs adrenal cortex

liver

Renal threshold equals urine output cardiac output GFR plasma concentration at which reabsorption is saturated and the molecule appears in urine

plasma concentration at which reabsorption is saturated and the molecule appears in urine

Angiotensin I causes an increased in ADH secretion increased thirst increased peripheral resistance an increased in aldosterone secretion all of the above

All of the above

The major calyces unite to form the renal hilum (hilus) renal pelvis ureter renal pyramid

renal pelvis

224 Flashcards

(117 cards)