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PPClues > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

What organs have resistance in series?

A

Liver and kidney

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2
Q

What organs have resistance in prallel?

A

All the rest

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3
Q

What organ has the greatest AV-02 difference at rest?

A

Heart

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4
Q

What organ has the greatest AV-O2 difference after exercise?

A

Muscle

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5
Q

What organ has the greatest AV-O2 difference after a meal?

A

Gut

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6
Q

What organ has the greatest AV-O2 difference during a test?

A

Brain

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7
Q

What organ has the lowest AV-O2 difference?

A

Kidney

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8
Q

Where does Type A thoracic aortic dissection occur?

A

Ascending aorta (cystic medial necrosis, syphilis)

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9
Q

Where does Type B thoracic aortic dissection occur?

A

Descending aorta (occurs in trauma and atherosclerosis)

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10
Q

What layers does a true aortic aneurysm occur?

A

Intima, media and adventitia.

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11
Q

What layers does a pseudo aortic aneurysm occur?

A

Intima and media

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12
Q

What is pulse pressure?

A

Systolic-Diastolic pressure

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13
Q

What vessel has the thickest layer of smooth muscle?

A

Aorta

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14
Q

What vessels have the most smooth muscle?

A

Arterioles

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15
Q

What vessels have the largest cross-sectional area?

A

Capilaries

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16
Q

What vessel has the highest compliance?

A

Aorta

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17
Q

What vessels have the highest capacitance?

A

Veins and venules

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18
Q

What is your max heart rate?

A

220

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19
Q

What is stable angina?

A

Pain w exertion (atherosclerosis)- 70% occluded, subendocardial ischemia

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20
Q

What is unstable angina?

A

Pain at rest (transient clots)- 90% occluded, transmural ischemia

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21
Q

What is Prinzemetal’s angina?

A

Intermittent pain (coronary artery spasm)

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22
Q

What is amyloidosis?

A

Stains Congo Red, Echo-apple green birefringence

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23
Q

What is Hemochromatosis?

A

Fe deposits in organs> Hyperpigmentation, arthritis, DM. Prussian blue stain

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24
Q

What is cardiac tamponade?

A

Beck’s triad: distant heart sounds, JVD, hypotension. Pressure equalized in all 4 chambers, distant heart sounds, no pulse or BP, Kussmaul sign, pulsus paradoxus (decreases > 10mmHg w/inspiration.

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25
Q

What is a transudate?

A

An effusion w/ mostly water.
Too much water: Heart failure, renal failure.
Not enough protein: Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome (pee protein out).

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26
Q

What is an exudate?

A

An effusion w mostly proteins.
Too much protein: Purulent (bacteria), Hemorrhagic (trauma, cancer, PE), Fibrinous (collagen vascular dz, uremia, TB), granulomatous (non-bacterial).

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27
Q

What is systole?

A

Heart contract, decreases blood to the coronary arteries, more O2 extraction in the coronary vessels.

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28
Q

What is diastole?

A

Filling the heart, increases blood flow to the coronary arteries, less extraction of O2 in the coronaries.

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29
Q

What are the only arteries w deoxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary and umbilical arteries.

30
Q

What murmur has a Waterhammer pulse?

A

AR

31
Q

What murmur has pulsus tardus?

A

AS

32
Q

What cardiomyopathy has pulsus alternans?

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy.

33
Q

What disease has pulsus bigeminus?

A

IHSS

34
Q

What murmur has a irregularly irregular pulse?

A

A fib

35
Q

What murmur has irregularly regular pulse?

A

PVC

36
Q

What sound radiates to the neck?

A

AS

37
Q

What sound radiates to the axilla?

A

MR

38
Q

What sound radiates to the back?

A

PS

39
Q

What disease has a boot shaped x-ray?

A

Right ventricular hypertrophy.

40
Q

What disease has a banana shaped x-ray?

A

IHSS

41
Q

What disease has an egg shaped x-ray?

A

Transposition of the great vessels?

42
Q

What disease has a snowman shaped x-ray?

A

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return

43
Q

What disease has a “3” shaped x-ray?

A

Coarctation of the aorta.

44
Q

What is Osler Webber Rendu?

A

AVM in lung, gut, CNS> sequester platelets>talengectasias.

45
Q

What is Von Hippel Lindau?

A

AVM in retina, CNS> renal cell carcinoma risk

46
Q

When do valves make noise?

A

When they close

47
Q

What valves make noise during systole?

A

MR/TR, PS/AS

48
Q

What are the holosystolic murmurs?

A

TR, MR and VSD

49
Q

What are the systolic ejection murmurs?

A

AS, PS and HCM

50
Q

What valves make noise during diastole?

A

MS/TS, PR/AR

51
Q

What are the diastolic blowing murmurs?

A

AR and PR

52
Q

What are the diastolic rumbling murmurs?

A

MS and TS

53
Q

What are the continuous murmurs?

A

PDA, AVM’s.

54
Q

What has a friction rub while breathing?

A

Pleuritis

55
Q

What has a friction rub when holding breath?

A

Pericarditis

56
Q

What does a mid-systolic click tell you?

A

Mitral valve prolapse

57
Q

What does an ejection click tell you?

A

A/P Stenosis

58
Q

What does an opening snap tell you?

A

M/T Stenosis

59
Q

What does an S2 splitting tell you?

A

Normal on inspiration (Aortic closes before pulmonic)

60
Q

What does wide S2 splitting tell you?

A

Increase O2, Increase RV vol, or delayed pulmonic valve opening.

61
Q

What does a fixed wide S2 tell you?

A

ASD

62
Q

What does paradoxical S2 splitting tell you?

A

AS, or left bundle branch block

63
Q

What is cor pulmonale?

A

Pulmonary HTN> RV failure

64
Q

What is Eisenmenger’s?

A

Pulmonary HTN> Revers L-R to R-L.

65
Q

What is transposition of the great arteries?

A

Aorticopulmonary septum, did not spiral.

66
Q

What is Tetralogy of Fallot?

A
  1. VSD
  2. RV hypertrophy
  3. Overriding aorta
  4. Pulmonary stenosis
67
Q

What is total anomalous pulmonary venous return?

A

All pulmonary veins to the right atrium. Snow man on x-ray.

68
Q

What is truncus arteriosus?

A

Spiral membrane did not develop> one A/P trunk, mixed blood

69
Q

What is Ebstein’s anomaly?

A

Tricuspid prolapse, Moms Li increased

70
Q

What can Li do to Mom?

A

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

71
Q

What is Cinchonism?

A

Hearing loss, tinnitus and thrombocytopenia

PPClues (8 decks)

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