Lesson 2- Infectious Diseases Flashcards
Define infectious diseases.
Disease that is caused by a pathogen and that can be spread from one individual to another.
Define noninfectious diseases.
A disease caused by hereditary and environmental factors that cannot be spread from on individual to another.
Define antibiotic.
Medicine used to kill bacteria and other microorganisms.
Define antiviral drug.
A drug that destroys viruses or prevents their growth or replication.
What are some diseases caused by hereditary factors?
Type 1 diabetes and hemophilia
What are some diseases caused by environmental factors?
Cancer (from x-rays, cigarette smoke, air pollutants and UV rays in sunlight).
What are infectious diseases caused by?
Pathogens, bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses
Explain how viruses cause infectious diseases.
Viruses are tiny particles that have their own genetic material but depend on living things to reproduce. Viruses cause the common cold, flu, and HIV
Explain how bacteria cause infectious diseases.
Bacteria causes tuberculosis, strep throat, diarrheal illness, and sinus infections.
Explain how fungi cause infectious diseases.
Fungi can cause skin infections such as athletes foot and ringworm. These diseases are passed through contact with other people and contaminated objects.
Explain how parasites can cause infectious disease.
A parasite is an organism that lives and feeds on another organism. Protists are single celled parasites that cause the diseases, giardia lamblia and ascaris lumbricoides.
How can infectious diseases be transmitted?
Through water and food, from person to person, from animals to people, and through contaminated objects.
Explain how diseases are transmitted through water and food.
Pathogens can travel through untreated water and contaminated food. Pathogens in water and food can cause salmonella.
Explain how diseases can be transmitted from person to person.
Pathogens travel through the air and when an individual makes contact with another individual that is contaminated. These pathogens that travel from person to person cause the cold, flu, tuberculosis, AIDS, and hepatitis C.
Explain how diseases can be transmitted from animals to people.
Pathogens travel from animals to people through the bites of insects. These pathogens cause malaria, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Lyme disease, and rabies.
