Chapter 13: Spinal Cord Flashcards
an area of skin that provides sensory input to the CNS via the posterior roots of one pair of spinal nerves or via the trigeminal (V) nerve
dermatome
- a reflex when integration takes place in the spinal cord gray mater
- ex: patellar reflex
spinal reflex
- integration occurs in the brain stem
- ex: tracking movements of your eyes as you read this sentence
cranial reflex
- effectors are involuntary muscles & glands
- smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
autonomic (visceral) reflexes
- pathway followed by nerve impulses that produce a reflex
- sensory receptor
- sensory neuron
- integrating center
- motor neuron
- effector
- cannot be controlled
reflex arc
slight stretching of a muscle stimulates sensory receptors in the muscles
muscle spindles
effectors are skeletal muscles
somatic reflex
- no interneuron involved
- sensory neuron connect directly to motor neuron
monosynaptic reflex arc
at least one interneuron involved
polysynaptic reflex arc
motor response is through a spinal nerve at a different level than the sensory input
intersegmental reflex arc
motor response is on the same side as the sensory input
ipsilateral reflex arc
motor response is on the opposite side as the sensory input
contralateral reflex arc
componenets of a neural circuit simultaneously cause contraction of one muscle and relaxation of the other
reciprocal innervation
- causes contraction of a muscle that has been stretched
- ipsilateral
- knee jerk example:
- monosynaptic reflex arc has only one synapse in the CNS
- polysynpatic reflex arc to antagonistic muscles that includes 2 synapses in the CNS and one interneuron
stretch reflex
- causes relaxation of the muscle attached to the stimulated tendon organ
- polysynaptic
- ipsilateral
tendon reflex
