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Pathology > Skin Pathology > Flashcards

Skin Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

5 layers of the epidermis

A

Stratum Corneum, Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum, Basale

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2
Q

Vitiglio

A

Michael Jackson, Irregular, completely
depigmented patches, genetic link. The affected areas
are devoid of melanocytes

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3
Q

Melasma

A

Irregular blotchy patches of hyperpigmentation on the face Associated with oral contraceptive use & pregnancy
(“mask of pregnancy”)

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4
Q

Freckles (Ephelides)

A

Increased melanin deposition in the basal cell layer of the epidermis
• Normal number of melanocytes

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5
Q

Benign lentigo

A

localized proliferation of melanocytes that appear. Linear melanocyte hyperplasia

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6
Q

Nevocellular nevus (mole)

A

Benign tumor of melanocytes. Related to sun exposure. Sharp, well circumscribed borders
Tend to be stable in shape and size
Malignant transformation is rare

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7
Q

3 types of moles

A

junctional,

compound, and intradermal

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8
Q

dysplastic nevi (BK moles)

A

larger and irregular and may have pigment variation.exhibits cytological and architectural atypia.
Increased risk of melanoma

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9
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

malignancy of melancotyes
Asymmetric, irregular borders, variegated color, large diameter, enlarging, macule, papule, or nodule
• Males: upper back
• Females: back and legs

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10
Q

Lentigo Maligna Melanoma

A

Usually located on the face or neck of older individuals

• Best prognosis

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11
Q

Superficial Spreading melanoma

A

Most common type of melanoma• Has a primarily horizontal growth pattern

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12
Q

Acral lentiginous melanoma

A

Most common type of melanoma in dark skinned people
Affects palms, soles, and subungual
area. under NAILS

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13
Q

Nodular Melanoma

A

Nodular tumor with a vertical growth pattern. Worst prognosis

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14
Q

melanoma prognosis

A

Staging is by depth of invasion (vertical growth)
• Breslow’s thickness
• Clark’s levels

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15
Q

Melanoma Treatment

A

Wide surgical excision. chemotherapy or immunotherapy
(interferon)
• May even resolve spontaneously

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16
Q

Acanthosis Nigricans

A

Thickened, hyperpigmented skin in the axillae and groin.

Obesity and diabetes

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17
Q

Seborrheic Keratosis

A

Benign squamoproliferative neoplasm, granular “stuck on” appearance, keratin filled. Basaloid epidermal hyperplasia

Sign of Leser-Trelat (paraneoplastic syndrome): sudden development of multiple lesions may accompany an
underlying malignancy

18
Q

Psoriasis

A

Autoimmune disorder accompanied by increased proliferation and turnover of epidermal keratinocytes.
psoriasis vulgaris most common. genetic. Knees, elbows,
and scalp. silvery scale and Auspitz sign: bleeding. nail bed changed

19
Q

Psoriasis microscopic appearance

A 
Epidermal hyperplasia (Acanthosis). Patchy Hyperkeratinization with parakeratosis. Uniform elongation and thickening of the rete 
ridges. Thinning of the epidermis over the dermal papillae. Munro microabscesses
20
Q

Psoriasis treatment

A

Topical steroids and UV irradiation. Severe systemic disease may be treated with methotrexate

21
Q

Pemphigus

A

Rare and potentially fatal autoimmune disorder that is
characterized by intraepidermal blister formation.
vulgaris is most common

22
Q

Pemphigus pathogenesis

A

production of autoantibodies directed against a
part of the keratinocyte desmosome called desmoglein 3 results in loss of intercellular adhesions. Intraepidermal acantholysis is a hallmark feature. IgG

23
Q

Bullous Pemphigoid

A

Relatively common autoimmune disorder of older individuals that is characterized by subepidermal blister formation.

24
Q

Dermatitis Herpetiformis

A

Rare immune disorder that is often associated with celiac sprue and is characterized by subepidermal blister formation.
Production of IgA antibodies directed against
gliadin and other antigens that deposit in the
tips of the dermal papillae. IgA and GLUTEN FREE

25
Q

Ichthyosis Vulgaris

A

Common inherited AD skin disorder that is characterized by a thickened stratum Corneum with nearly or completely absent stratum Granulosum
palms, soles, and extensor areas

26
Q

Xerosis

A

A common cause of pruritus and dry skin in the elderly that is due to decreased skin lipids

27
Q

Eczema

A

Group of related inflammatory skin diseases characterized by pruritus.
Acute: vesicular, erythematous rash
Chronic:y dry, thickened hyperkeratotic skin
Atopic dermatitis:IgE-mediated hypersensitivity

28
Q

polymorphous light eruption

A

Most common form of photodermatosis and causes

erythematous macules, papules, plaques, or vesicles on exposure to sunlight

29
Q

chronic cutaneous lupus erythematous

A

Causes epidermal atrophy with deposition of DNA-anti DNA immune complexes in the basement membrane of the epidermis. Nose and cheeks (“butterfly” rash)

30
Q

Erythema Multiforme

A

A hypersensitivity skin reaction to infections
(Mycoplasma pneumonia, herpes simplex) or drugs
(sulfonamides, PCN, barbiturates, phenytoin)
EM: vesicles, bullae, and “targetoid” erythematous lesions.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome most severe EM

31
Q

pityriasis rosea

A

Pruritic rash that starts with an oval-shaped “herald patch” and progresses to eruption of the trunk that produce a “Christmas tree”
Herlad patch! benign. Caused by upper respiratory tract infection/ viral

32
Q

Granuloma Annulare

A

Fairly rare. Chronic dermatological autoimmune condition which presents as reddish bumps on the skin arranged in a circle or ring
autoimmune reaction that causes over-productive leukocytosis.
More common in F, diabetes, thyroid, etc. Hands and feet

33
Q

Erythema Nodosum

A

raised, erythematous, painful nodules of subcutaneous

adipose tissue. Anterior shins. Granulomatous disease and strep. 12-20 y/o. resolves

34
Q

Epidermal Inculsion cyst

A

A common benign skin cyst lined with stratified

squamous epithelium and filled with keratin debris

35
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

peak at 60. sun, fair skin, hydrocarbons, radtiations, burns, immunosupression, Xeroderma Pigmentosa

36
Q

SCC Actinic Keratosis

A

precursor of SCC.Sun-induced
dysplasia of the keratinocytes. Rough, red papules on the face, arms, and hands
• Bowen disease: SCC in situ

37
Q

SCC microscopic

A

Nests of atypical keratinocytes invade the dermis

• Formation of keratin pearls• desmosomes between tumor cells

38
Q

SCC prognosis

A

Rarely metastasize. Complete excision is usually curative

39
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Most common tumor in adults in the Western world. Basal cells of hair follicles. Invasive nests of
Basaloid cells with a palisading growth pattern.Pearly nodules with heaped translucent borders
grows slowly. rare metastasis

40
Q

Histiocytosis X (Langerhans)

A

Proliferation of Langerhans cells which are normally found within the epidermis
Bierbeck granules. Tennis rackets

41
Q

3 Types of histiocytosis C

A

Unifocal (eosinophilic granuloma)
Multifocal (Hand-Schuller-Christian
disease). Acute disseminated (Letterer-Siwe
syndrome)

Pathology (6 decks)

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