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MSK/Derm > Blood Supply of the Upper Extremity > Flashcards

Blood Supply of the Upper Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

What structures does the innominate artery supply?

A

innominate artery = brachiocephalic trunk

the right subclavian artery (SCA) and right common carotid artery

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2
Q

Based ib tge abteruir scalene muscle, what are the three segments of the subclavian artery?

A

1st part: medial to anterior scalene

2nd part: posterior to anterior scalene

3rd part: lateral to anterior scalene

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3
Q

Name the branches in the first part of the subclavian artery.

A

vertebral artery

internal thoracic artery

thyrocervical trunk

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4
Q

What does the thyrocervical trunk branch off into?

A

inferior thyroid artery and suprascapular artery (supplies blood to the posterior scapula)

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5
Q

What does the second part of the subclavian artery give rise to?

A

costocervical trunk - arises posteriorly and supplies the first two intercostals and deep cervical muscles

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6
Q

What does the third part of the subclavian artery give rise to?

A

dorsal scapular artery

may arise from transverse cervical artery

supplies levator scapulae and rhomboid muscles

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7
Q

What makes up the thoracic outlet?

A

subclavian artery - posterior to the anterior scalene muscle

subclavian vein - anterior to the anterior scalene muscle

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8
Q

Where does the axillary artery begin?

A

the lateral border of the first rib

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9
Q

Where does the axillary artery end?

A

inferior border of the teres major

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10
Q

How many parts are the axillary artery divided into? How many branches are tehre in each part?

A

1st part - one branch

2nd part - two branches

3rd part - three branches

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11
Q

Where are the divisions for each part of the axillary artery?

A

1st part - form lateral border of 1st rib and medial border of pec minor

2nd part - posterior to the pec minor

3rd part - from lateral border of pec minor to inferior border of teres major

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12
Q

What arteries branch from the first part of the axillary artery?

A

superior thoracic artery

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13
Q

What arteries branch from the second part of the axillary artery?

A

thoracoacromal artery and lateral thoracic artery

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14
Q

What are the arteries that branch from the third part of the axillary artery?

A

anterior circumflex humeral artery

posterior circumflex humeral artery

subscapular artery

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15
Q

What does the superior thoracic artery supply?

A

the 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces and superior part of serratus anterior

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16
Q

What are the branches of the thoracoacromial artery?

A

pectoral

deltoid

acromial

clavicular

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17
Q

What does the lateral thoracic artery supple?

A

supplies lateral aspect of breast, serratus anterior, and pectoralis

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18
Q

What does the subscapular artery branch into?

A

circumflex scapular artery

thoracodorsal artery

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19
Q

What is the role of the subscapular artery?

A

provides a rich collateral network around scapula between the circumflex humerals and acromial branch of the thoracoacromial artery

20
Q

Where does the brachial artery begin and end?

A

begins at the inferior border of teres major

ends in the cubital fossa

21
Q

What are the branches of the brachial artery?

A

muscular branches

deep artery of the arm (aka profunda brachii)

superior ulnar collateral artery

inferior ulnar collateral artery

22
Q

What forms the periarticular arterial anastomoses of the elbow?

A

ulnar collaterals

23
Q

What are the boundaries of the cubital fossa?

A

Superiorly by a line from the medial and lateral epicondyles

Medially, pronator teres

Laterally, brachiradialis

Floor, brachialis and supinator muscles

Roof, brachial and antebrachial fascia, and bicipital aponeurosis

24
Q

What does the brachial artery divide into?

A

radial artery

ulnar artery

25
Q

What does the ulnar artery turn into? What does that artery branch into?

A

common interosseus artery - branches into anterior and posterior interosseus arteries

26
Q

What are the important features of the radial artery?

A

medial to brachioradialis throughout the arm

readily palpable throughout the forearm

travels partly with the superficial branch of the radial nerve

27
Q

What are the important features of the ulnar artery?

A

deep to the pronator teres

palpable between flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum superficialis tendons

travels with ulnar nerve

28
Q

What areteries and nerves are found in the flexor-pronator (anterior) compartment?

A

radial artery and superficial branch of radial nerve

ulnar artery and nerve

anterior interosseus artery and nerve

median nerve

29
Q

What arteries and nerves are found in the extensor-supinator (posterior) compartment?

A

posterior interosseus artery and nerve

30
Q

How does the ulnar artery enter the hand?

A

anterior to flexor retinaculum via the ulnar canal (Guyon canal)

31
Q

How does the radial artery enter the hand?

A

curves around caphoid and trapezium in the floor of the anatomic snuff box

32
Q

What arteries are found in the superficial palmar arch?

A

common palmar digital arteries

33
Q

What areteries are found in the deep palmar arch?

A

palmar metacarpal arteries

34
Q

How do the arteries supply the fingers?

A

each digit has two paired digital arteries, medial and lateral

35
Q

Why is the internal thoracic artery important?

A

used for CABG

36
Q

What is thoracic artery syndrome?

A

when the clavicle and the first rib compress the subclavian artery

can be due to congenital abnormalities or hypertrophy of the scalene muscles

37
Q

Why is damage to the lateral part of the arm better than damage to the medial part of the arm?

A

there are less vessels in the lateral compartment

38
Q

What artery that goes into the hand supplies the superficial arches? What about the deep palmar arches?

A

ulnar artery - superficial arch

radial artery - deep arch

39
Q

Which palmar arch supplies the fingers?

A

superficial palmar arch

40
Q

What are the deep veins of the upper extremities?

A

deep veins are thin walled

travel with arteries and include:

radial vein

ulnar vein

brachial vein

axillary vein

41
Q

What are the superficial veins of the upper extremities?

A

thick walled and under skin

cephalic vein is lateral

basilic vein is medial

42
Q

What happens in subclavian stenosis?

A

due to atherosclerosis

common and could be asymptomatic

symptoms could include claudication and subclavian steal syndrome

43
Q

Reynauds Disease

A

episodic vasospastic attacks

pallor, cyanosis, rubor

ischemic digital ulceration and gangrene

44
Q

work-related vibrational injuries

A

repetitive use of the palm of the hand

damage to the ulnar artery

spasm

corckscrew sign

aneurysm

occlusion

45
Q

What are splinter hemorrhages pathopneumonic for?

A

a more proximal occlusion of the arm

MSK/Derm (54 decks)

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