AP Bio Chapter 8

Question 1

cell respiration

Answer 1

processes in which cells acquire energy bu breaking down sugar make 36 to 38 ATP

Question 2

cell respiration equation

Answer 2

C6H12O6 +6o2–>6CO2+6H2O

Question 3

oxidized

Answer 3

sugar is oxidized in to CO2

Question 4

Reduced

Answer 4

Oxygen is reduced to H20

Question 5

loss of energy

Answer 5

39% of energy in sugar is acctually used- lost as unusable heat

Question 6

NAD+

Answer 6

co enzyme of oxidation- accepts 2 e- and a H becomes NADH

Question 7

Fad+

Answer 7

co enzyme- accepts 2e- and 2H becomes FADH2

Question 8

anarobic

Answer 8

no oxygen needed

Question 9

aerobic

Answer 9

oxygen needed

Question 10

glycolisis

Answer 10

happens in cytoplasm, is anarobic
breaks down glucose in to 2 pyruvates.
Needs 2 ATP to jump start and produces 4 ATP for a net gain of 2 ATP.
sends 2NADH to ETC

Question 11

cytochrome

Answer 11

protein that binds

Question 12

substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 12

makes 2 ATP by adding P to ADP

Question 13

fermentation

Answer 13

anarobic, pyruvate is reduced by NADH (sending NAD+ back so it is free if oxygen becomes present) to lactate. It is lactate or Alcoholic makes only 2 ATP

Question 14

Preparatory reaction

Answer 14

pyruvate turns into C2 (acetyl group) and CO2 is produced. electrons removed form pyruvate attach to NAD+ to become NADH. this happens 1 per pyruvate so it happens twice. produces no atp is prep for Krebs and ETC

Question 15

Citric Acid cycle

Answer 15

Krebs- happens in matrix, the C2 combines with a C4 to become a C6, goes around cycle until the citrate (C6) is broken down into CO2 (4 CO2). 6 NADH and 2 FADH2 go to ETC. 2 ATP

Question 16

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 16

ETC- NADH and FADH2 give up electrons and H.
electrons goes down ETC forcing H out of Mitochondria. There is a higher concentration out side so H comes back in through ATP synthase complex. This rotates connecting P to ADP thus going through chemiosmosis making ATP. H then attaches to O to make water. 32-34 ATP made

Question 17

Chemiosmosis

Answer 17

production of ATP

Question 18

catabolism

Answer 18

break down

Question 19

anabolism

Answer 19

build up

Question 20

metabolic pool

Answer 20

storage center so pyuvate can always be produced

Question 21

deamination

Answer 21

removal of an amino group

Question 22

Flow of energy

Answer 22

Sun>Plant>Chloroplast>sugar/carbohydrate>Mitocondria>ATP