5. Introduction To Organic Chemistry

Question 0

Why can carbon make these rings and chains?

Answer 0

A carbon atom has four electrons in its outer shell, so it forms four covalent bonds.

Carbon-carbon bonds are relatively strong and non-polar.

Question 1

What shapes can bonded carbon atoms form?

Answer 1

Rings

Very long chains (can be branched)

Question 2

What forms the skeleton of most organic compounds?

Answer 2

Hydrocarbon chains

Question 3

What is the ending for the carbon single bond?

Answer 3

-ane

Question 4

What is the ending for the carbon double bond?

Answer 4

-ene

Question 5

What is the ending for the carbon triple bond?

Answer 5

-yne

Question 6

Define molecular formula

Answer 6

The formula that shows the actual number of atoms of each elements that make up a molecule in a compound.

Question 7

What is a displayed formula?

Answer 7

A displayed formula shows every atom and every bond in the molecule.
(Number of lines represent number of bonds)

Question 8

What is the structural formula?

Answer 8

A formula where bonds are not shown but the arrangement of atoms in a molecule is given.

Question 9

In structural formula, how are branches in the carbon chains shown?

Answer 9

In brackets e.g CH3CH(CH3)CH3

Question 10

Who was the system for naming compounds developed by?

Answer 10

IUPAC

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

Question 11

What are the root names from C1 to C6?

Answer 11

• meth
• eth
• prop
• but
• pent
• hex

Question 12

Give the first four side chain prefixes.

Answer 12

Methyl-
Ethyl-
Propyl-
Butyl-

Question 13

What is the reactive group on a hydrocarbon called?

Answer 13

A functional group

Question 14

Hydrocarbons with the same functional groups react: differently or the same

Answer 14

The same. I.e You can predict the reactions of methene if you know the reactions of ethene etc

Question 15

Give the suffix for alkanes

Answer 15

-ane

Question 16

Give the suffix for alkenes

Answer 16

-ene

Question 17

Give the suffix for alcohols

Answer 17

-ol

Question 18

Give the suffix for aldehydes

Answer 18

-al

Question 19

Give the suffix for ketones

Answer 19

-one

Question 20

Give the suffix for carboxyl if acids

Answer 20

-ioc acid

Question 21

What is the prefix for haloalkanes?

Answer 21

fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo- (written in alphabetical order if more than one group)

Question 22

What is a homologous series?

Answer 22

A series of chemically similar compounds which conform to a general formula. Each member of the series differs from the next by CH2 and the members of the series show a graduation in physical properties.

Question 23

What is the general formula for alkanes?

Answer 23

CnH2n+2

Question 24

What is he general formula for the alkenes?

Answer 24

CnH2n

Question 25

What is an isomer?

Answer 25

Isomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula.

Question 26

Name the two different types of isomerism.

Answer 26

Structural isomerism and stereoisomerism

Question 27

List the different types of structural isomer

Answer 27

Positional isomer
Functional group isomer
Chain isomer

Question 28

Describe a positional isomer

Answer 28

The same functional group attached to the main chain at different points

Question 29

Describe a functional group isomer

Answer 29

Functional groups that are different

Question 30

Describe a chain isomer

Answer 30

A different arrangement of the hydrocarbon chain (such as branching)

Question 31

Why does the existence of isomers make the lives of chemists difficult?

Answer 31

The task of identifying an unknown organic compound is more difficult because there may be a number of compounds with different structures that all have the same molecular formula. Therefore, analytical methods must be used.