2.3 adaptation for transport in plants

Question 1

vascular tissue

Answer 1

• transports materials around the body
• in mammals, vascular tissue is in blood vessels
• in plants there are in xylem and phloem
• found adjacent to eachother in vascular bundle
• different arrangement in different parts of plant

Question 2

what is contained in a root structure?

Answer 2

epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle, primary xylem and phloem
- found in a cross position in the centre of the root with phloem between.

Question 3

what is contained in a stem structure?

Answer 3

Epidermis, Collenchyma, Parenchyma, Vascular bundle, Cuticle, Cambium
- both xylem and phloem are found towards the edge of the stem in structures called vascular bundle

Question 4

xylem function

Answer 4

Xylem are dead cells that transport water and minerals up the plant and provide mechanical strength and support as they are strengthened by waterproof lignin

Question 5

what 4 types of cells make up xylem?

Answer 5

• xylem vessel elements
• tracheids ( dead )
• parenchyma
• fibres ( dead )

Question 6

xylem vessel elements

Answer 6

main water transport in angiosperms. transports larger volumes and faster than tracheids

Question 7

tracheids

Answer 7

provides strength. the walls have pits to allow water in and out.

Question 8

parenchyma

Answer 8

packing cells ( unspecialised )

Question 9

fibre

Answer 9

for support

Question 10

what are the 3 pathways?

Answer 10

apoplast, symplast, vacuolar pathways

Question 11

apoplast pathway

Answer 11

• movement of water across the root cortex is cell wall to cell wall
• water moves through cell wall by cohesion. this is a quick root because cell wall is totally permeable to water

Question 12

symplast pathway

Answer 12

• movement of water across the root cortex is cytoplasm to cytoplasm through plasmodesmata
• water moves through the cytoplasm and plasmodesmata by cytoplasmic streaming without having to cross cell membrane

Question 13

vacuolar pathway

Answer 13

• movement of water across the root cortex is vacuole to vacuole
• water moves from vacuole to vacuole through neighbouring cells crossing the symplast and apoplast in the process of moving through membrane and tonoplast by osmosis.
• this is the slowest route