2.3 assess how forms of punishment meet the aims of punishment

Question 1

imprisonment

what are the three types of prison sentence?

Answer 1

1. indeterminate sentence or life sentence
2. determinate sentence
3. suspended sentence

Question 2

imprisonment

what is an indeterminate or life sentence?

Answer 2

a life sentence or indeterminate sentence does not have a fixed prison term attatched

Question 3

imprisonment

what is a determinate sentence?

Answer 3

a determinate sentence is a sentence with a fixed end date

Question 4

imprisonment

what is a suspended sentence?

Answer 4

a sentence where the offender does not have to go to prison, providing they dont commit further offences and comply with the rules of their sentence

Question 5

imprisonment

what is a mandatory life sentence?

Answer 5

a life sentence which must be given to anyone convicted for murder

Question 6

imprisonment

what is a discretionary life sentence?

Answer 6

A discretionary life sentence is a life sentence given to an offender in respect of an offence for which life imprisonment (or custody for life) is available but not fixed by law

Question 7

imprisonment

what is a whole life order?

Answer 7

a whole life order means that an offender will never be released from prison

Question 8

imprisonment

who is a whole life order generally given to?

Answer 8

individuals who commit the most serious cases of murder

Question 9

imprisonment

give an example of an idividual who has a whole life order

Answer 9

levi bellfield, stephen port, lucy letby

Question 10

imprisonment

what is an indeterminate sentence?

Answer 10

a type of custodial sentence that has no fixed release date

Question 11

imprisonment

why are indeterminate sentences given out?

Answer 11

they are given out for public protection

Question 12

imprisonment

what impact did the police, crime, sentencing and courts act have on the passing of life sentences?

Answer 12

meant that those who unlawfully kill an emergency worker in their course of duty are given a mandatory life sentence

Question 13

imprisonment

when were IPPs introduced?

Answer 13

in 2005

Question 14

imprisonment

what are IPPs?

what does it stand for?

Answer 14

indeterminate sentences for public protetion

Question 15

imprisonment

IPPs are a type of sentence where offenders are….

Answer 15

kept after their sentence has ended as they are deemed unsafe for release

Question 16

imprisonment

when were IPPs removed?

Answer 16

2012

Question 17

imprisonment

what are the problems with IPPs?

Answer 17

1. ethical concerns surrounding IPPs as offenders have no release date
2. they were typically used for minor crimes like theft, which did not warrant such long sentences
3. not effective for rehabilitation as IPPs make offenders lose hope and motivation
4. the parole boards delt with IPP cases poorly as hearings were often delayed or deffered

Question 18

imprisonment

what are the most common type of sentence given by courts?

Answer 18

determinate sentences

Question 19

imprisonment

in determinate sentences, offenders are given a fixed sentence length, but….

Answer 19

offenders may not necessarily spend all this time in prison

Question 20

imprisonment

for sentences less than two years, what are the rules regarding release?

Answer 20

the offender will be released half way through their sentence and will spend the rest on licence

Question 21

imprisonment

what happens if an offender breaches the conditions of their license?

Answer 21

they will return to prison to serve the rest of their sentence and will be subject to supervision afterwards

Question 22

imprisonment

for sentences more than two years, what are rules regarding release?

Answer 22

the offender will generally serve half their sentence in prison and serve the other half in the community on licence

Question 23

imprisonment

what are the rules regarding release for those convicted of serious violent or sexual offences where the sentence is 7 years or more?

Answer 23

offenders will usually be released 2/3 of the way through their sentence

Question 24

imprisonment

what does a suspended sentence mean?

Answer 24

it means that the offender does not go to prison immediately but is given the chance to avoid a custodial sentence if they coomply to the requirements set by the court

Question 25

# imprisonment what are some examples of conditions a court may set in a suspended sentence?

Answer 25

a curfew, unpaid work or rehabilitation programme/s

Question 26

# imprisonment what happens if an offender does not meet the requirements of their suspended sentence?

Answer 26

they will serve their origional custodial term and any sentence they get for the new offence

Question 27

# imprisonment how does prison meet the aim of retribution?

Answer 27

it punishes offenders for their crime by taking away their freedom and making prisoners live in fairly unpleasant conditions

Question 28

# imprisonment how does prison not meet the aim of retribution?

Answer 28

it may not give people their 'just desserts' as individuals disagree over the appropriate lengths of sentences

Question 29

# imprisonment how does prison meet the aim of reparation?

Answer 29

under the prisoners earning act 2011, prisoners who work outside of prison can pay a portion of their earnings towards the cost of victim support

Question 30

# imprisonment how does prison not meet the aim of reparation?

Answer 30

very few prisoners have the opportunity to earn money to pay for victim support

Question 31

# imprisonment how does prison meet the aim of deterrence?

Answer 31

the risk of being sent to prison and the concepts that come with prison act as a deterrent as prisoners are kept in relatively poor conditions

Question 32

# imprisonment how does prison not meet the aim of deterrence?

Answer 32

fairly high reoffending rates suggest that the deterrence of prison does not work

Question 33

# imprisonment how does prison meet the aim of public protetion?

Answer 33

offenders are taken out of society so they cant harm the public offenders are also only approved for parole or released if they are deemed to no longer be a threat to public protection

Question 34

# imprisonment how does prison not meet the aim of public protection?

Answer 34

if individuals are not rehabilitated by the time they are released, they will still pose a risk to the public - reoffending rates suggest that individuals are still a threat to public protection when released

Question 35

# imprisonment how does prison meet the aim of rehabilitation?

Answer 35

prisons have rehabilitation programmes such as drug and alcohol rehabilitation

Question 36

# imprisonment how does prison not meet the aim of rehabilitation?

Answer 36

prisons have a poor record of reducing reoffending rates due to lack of staff and funding some prisoners may not wish to be rehabilitated, which will mean rehabilitation in prison is ineffective

Question 37

# community sentences what are community sentences?

Answer 37

they are sentences served in the community

Question 38

# community sentences what crimes are community sentences given for?

Answer 38

crimes which are too serious for a discharge or a fine but not so serious that they require a prison sentence

Question 39

# community sentences what are some of the requirements that an offender may be expected to meet in a community sentence?

Answer 39

1. up to 300 hours of unpaid work 2. alcohol and drug treatment programmes 3. curfew 4. electric monitoring 5. no travelling abroad 6. being forbidden for taking part in certain activities

Question 40

# community sentences what are the aims of community sentences?

Answer 40

rehabilitation, reparation and retribution

Question 41

# community sentences how does a community sentence fulfil retribution?

Answer 41

curfews and exclusions restrict offenders freedom unpaid work includes wearing hi-vis whcih is a form of retribution as it acts as public shaming

Question 42

# community sentences how do community sentences fulfil rehabilitation?

Answer 42

offenders are enrolled into rehabilitation programmes studies have shown that community sentences are more effective at rehabilitation than short prison sentences

Question 43

# community sentences how many offenders reoffend within 12 months of their community sentence compared to short prison sentences?

Answer 43

34% of offenders on community sentences reoffend within 12 months of their community sentence, compared to 64% for those serving a short prison sentence

Question 44

# fines what are fines given for?

Answer 44

fines are given for less serious offences

Question 45

# fines what factors influence the size of a fine?

Answer 45

1. the offence itself eg if it was the first offence 2. the offenders ability to pay - the offenders income 3. which court is hearing the case - magistrates can only impose fines of up to £5000

Question 46

# fines what happens if individuals dont pay their fines?

Answer 46

- bailiffs may be sent to an individuals house - the court may send a warrant for an indiviuals arrest - the fine may be increased

Question 47

# fines how do fines meet the aim of retribution?

Answer 47

offenders are made to pay for the damage and distress they have caused

Question 48

# fines how do fines meet the aim of deterrence?

Answer 48

nobody wants to pay a fine so it can be a good deterrent

Question 49

# fines how do fines not meet the aim of deterrence?

Answer 49

fines can be an ineffective deterrent as it may be a small price to pay in comparison to the offence for those who have large amounts of money, the fine may be insignificant

Question 50

# discharge what is a conditional discharge?

Answer 50

a court finds you guilty but does not impose a sentence, providing the individual does not reoffend

Question 51

# discharge what is an absolute discharge?

Answer 51

the court decides not to impose a punishment because the experience of going to court has been punishment enough

Question 52

# discharge what types of offences are discharges given out for?

Answer 52

minor offences or crimes that dont have a mandatory minimum sentence

Question 53

# discharge what is the main aim of a discharge?

Answer 53

deterrence

Question 54

# discharge how do dicharges meet the aim of deterrent?

Answer 54

individuals have to go through the court process even for a low level crime

Question 55

# discharge how do discharges not meet the aim of deterence?

Answer 55

discharges may give indivduals the impression that they can get away with crimes