23 crude oil Flashcards
(24 cards)
how is crude oil formed?
millions of years ago plants and animals living in the sea died and fell to the bottom layers of sediment formed on top of them, their shells and skeletons formed limestone . the soft tissue was gradually changed by heat and high pressure into crude oil.
what type of resource is crude oil?
non renewable resource meaning it is finite
meaning of finite?
limited.
what is a non renewable resource?
is a natural resource which can not be replaced easily
what is crude oil?
crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons, which are compounds containing carbon and hydrogen only.
what occurs when molecules get bigger?
boiling point increases this is because the larger the molecule the stronger the intermolecular force of attraction between molecules making hard to break the intermolecular forces of attraction because more energy is required.
meaning of volatile?
easily evaporated.
viscous?
flow less easily.
what happens to the colours of molecules when their size increases.
they get darker.
why are bigger hydrocarbons used less for fuels?
because they burn less easily because the strong electrostatic force of attraction.
how is crude oil seperated?
fractional distilation which is used to separate mixtures of liquids that have different boiling point.
in depth explaining of crude oil distillation?
First, the crude oil is heated to vapourize it and is fed into the bottom of a distillation tower. The resulting vapour then rises through the vertical column. As the gases rise through the tower, the temperature decreases. As the temperature decreases, certain hydrocarbons begin to condense and run off at different levels. Each fraction that condenses off at a certain level contains hydrocarbon molecules with a similar number of carbon atoms.
what is a fuel?
a substance when burned produces a lot of energy.
when does incomplete combustion happen?
when there is no enough oxygen.
what is refinery gases and what is it used for?
are a mixture of the first four alkanes which can be separated into different individual gases. for domestic heating and cooking.
what is petrol and what are its uses?
mixtures of hydrocarbons with similar boiling points. it is used as a fuel for cars.
what are the uses of kerosene?
used as fuel for jet aircraft and domestic heating oil
what are the uses of diesal?
buses, lorries and some cars.
what are the uses of oil fuel?
fuel for a ship and for industry heating.
what are the uses of bitumen?
is a thick material which is melted and mixed with small rocks to make roads.
when is acid rain formed?
acid rain is formed when water and oxygen in the atmosphere react with sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide to produced nitric acid and sulfuric acids which are strong acids. sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are mainly produced from power stations this and factories burning fossil fuel. This is because fossil fuels contain a small amount of sulfur which reacts with oxygen to produced sulfur dioxide.
what is cracking?
it is when a long chain alkane is converted into an alkene and a shorter-chain alkane. For example fuel oil can be broken down in gasoline.
how does cracking work?
the fuel oil fraction is heated to give a gas and passed over a catalyst at about 600-700 degrees. cracking is an example of thermal decomposition a small polymer splitting into smaller ones when heating. during cracking c-c single bonds are produced are broken and double bonds are produced.
why do oil companies carry out cracking?
to produced more petrol and produce alkenes that can be used to make polymers
