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CVPR Exam I COPY > 23. Diagnostic Features of the ECG > Flashcards

23. Diagnostic Features of the ECG Flashcards

1
Q

Hypokalemia causes ____ on the ECG.

A

a small, flat T wave that merges with a U wave

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2
Q

_______ causes a small, flat T wave that merges with a U wave on the ECG.

A

Hypokalemia

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3
Q

Normally in V1 and V2, the R wave is ____.

A

nearly absent

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4
Q

The light lines on the ECG paper = ____ sec.

A

0.04

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5
Q

How long is a normal QRS interval?

A

0.06-0.10 sec

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6
Q

A subendocardial infarct only involves the inner layer of the heart wall and causes ____ on the ECG.

A

persistent, flat ST depression

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7
Q

How long is a normal P wave?

A

0.08-0.10 sec

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8
Q

Ischemia due to _____ causes depression of the ST segment.

A

sudden high O2 demand in the presence of coronary obstruction

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9
Q

ST elevation is a sign of transmural injury in _____.

A

an acute coronary syndrome or acute MI

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10
Q

What is the length to call a QT interval prolonged?

A

more than half of the RR interval

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11
Q

Hypokalemia predisposes to ____.

A

arrhythmia

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12
Q

If LVH, there should be ____ on the ECG.

A

large, positive R waves in V5 and V6

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13
Q

Which are the bipolar leads?

A

limb leads I, II and III

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14
Q

Normally the QRS and T waves go in ____ direction.

A

the same

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15
Q

How long is a normal P-R interval?

A

0.12-0.20 sec

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16
Q

Lateral leads?

A

I and aVL

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17
Q

What is the normal K+ concentration in the blood?

A

about 5 mmol

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18
Q

Right chest leads?

A

V1 and V2

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19
Q

How long is a normal QT interval?

A

less than 0.44 sec

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20
Q

____ is characteristic of demand induced ischemia.

A

ST depression

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21
Q

Which are the standard limb leads?

A

I, II, and III

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22
Q

How is HR calculated on the ECG?

A

300 / # of heavy lines btw 2 QRSs

23
Q

___ is an inferior lead.

A

aVF

24
Q

What is a peaked T wave (hyperacute T wave)?

A

the very first, early sign of an MI

25
Q

Ischemia due to ______ causes T wave inversion.

A

acute coronary artery obstruction during low O2 demand

26
Q

Left chest leads?

A

V5 and V6

27
Q

______ causes a shortened QT on the ECG.

A

Hypercalcemia

28
Q

What causes prolonged QT?

A
  1. hypo- Ca++, K+, or Mg++ 2. class 1A, 1C, or III anti-arrhythmic drugs 3. hypothermia 4. congenital long QT syndrome
29
Q

Why is prolonged QT bad?

A

it makes you more susceptible to arrhythmias

30
Q

Inferior leads?

A

II, III, and aVF

31
Q

Ischemia due to sudden high O2 demand in the presence of coronary obstruction causes _____.

A

depression of the ST segment

32
Q

If RVH, there should be ____ on the ECG.

A

large, positive R waves in V1 and V2

33
Q

Ischemia due to acute coronary artery obstruction during low O2 demand causes ____.

A

T wave inversion

34
Q

The dark lines on the ECG paper = ____ sec.

A

0.2

35
Q

The heart is more at risk for a _____ infarct.

A

subendocardial

36
Q

____ is characteristic of acute coronary obstruction.

A

An inverted T wave

37
Q

Hypercalcemia causes ____ on the ECG.

A

a shortened QT

38
Q

____ is a lateral lead.

A

aVL

39
Q

In ventricular hypertrophy, the T wave is ____.

A

inverted (opposite the R wave)

40
Q

Which are the unipolar leads?

A

aVR, aVL, aVF, V1-V6

41
Q

A significant Q wave is how big?

A

25% or more the height of the R wave AND greater than one small box (0.04 sec) wide

42
Q

The ____ is a is a measure of the AV node conduction time.

A

PR interval

43
Q

_____ causes a prolonged QT interval on the ECG.

A

Hypocalcemia

44
Q

Infarcted myocardium produces a _____ in leads over the affected area.

A

negative deflection Q wave

45
Q

Hypocalcemia causes ____ on the ECG.

A

a prolonged QT interval

46
Q

What is the treatment for long QT?

A

magnesium

47
Q

The PR interval is a measure of the _____.

A

AV node conduction time

48
Q

aVF is an ____ lead.

A

inferior

49
Q

aVL is a ____ lead.

A

lateral

50
Q

Serious hyperkalemia causes _____ on the ECG.

A

no P or R waves

51
Q

Mild hyperkalemia causes ____ on the ECG.

A

a large, peaked T wave

52
Q

Which are the augmented limb leads?

A

aVR, aVL, aVF

53
Q

____ is a sign of transmural injury in an acute coronary syndrome or acute MI.

A

ST elevation

CVPR Exam I COPY (29 decks)

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