29. Mitral and Tricuspid Valve Disease Flashcards
How do you treat mitral valve regurg?
- diuretics for CHF 2. ACE inhibitors or ARBs for afterload reduction 3. mitral valve repair or replacement surgery
How is mitral stenosis treated?
- beta blockers to slow HR 2. diuretics for CHF 3. anticoagulants if A-fib 4. valve replacement 5. percutaneous balloon
What are the diastolic murmurs?
- aortic regurgitation 2. mitral stenosis
What are the s/s of mitral regurg?
CHF, dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, edema
When is S3 abnormal? What does it indicate?
in older people; heart disease, like CHF
Where is an aortic regurgitation murmur heard?
along the L sternal border
Describe an aortic regurgitation murmur.
an early diastolic S2 murmur that decrescendos, heard along the L sternal border
What is a diastolic rumble?
a low freq decrescendo murmur due to turbulent flow across the stenotic mitral valve during diastole
How is tricuspid stenosis treated?
- diuretics 2. surgery
What is tricuspid stenosis?
a rare hardening of the tricuspid valve, usually from Rheumatic heart disease
____% of mitral stenosis cases are rheumatic.
80
When do symptoms of valve dysfunction post-Rheumatic fever present?
10-30 years later
What are the echo findings of mitral stenosis?
- LA enlargement 2. restricted opening of MV during diastole 3. thickened MV leaflets
What is the most common cause of mitral stenosis?
Rheumatic HD
What is mitral valve prolapse?
valve flaps pushed the wrong direction until they’re caught by the chordae tendinae
______ leads to chronic rheumatic heart disease.
Inflammation of the vascular endocardium
What is JVD with visable systolic V wave, hepatomegaly, and a holosystolic murmur along the sternal border that increases intensity with inspiration indicative of?***
tricuspid regurg
______ leads to increased pressure w/I the LA, pulmonary vasculature, and R heart.
Mitral valve stenosis
What causes the loud S1 in mitral stenosis?
forceful closing of the mitral valve
How is the severity of mitral stenosis determined?
use echo to measure or visualize
How does tricuspid stenosis sound?
an opening snap followed by a mid-diastolic rumble
Mitral valve stenosis leads to ______.
increased pressure w/I the LA, pulmonary vasculature, and R heart.
What is S4?
a pressure overload condition heard due to atrial contraction into concentric hypertrophy of the ventricle; always pathological
What part of the mitral valve is abnormal to cause MV regurg?
any part (annulus, leaflets, chordae, pap muscles)