23- genetic engineering & biotech Flashcards
(12 cards)
define genetic engineering
- changing an organisms genes
how is insulin produced by bacteria?
- Insulin is isolated by restriction enzyme to create sticky ends
- same enzyme is used to cut a bacteria plasmid, to create complimentary sticky ends the bacteria
- both are put together to create a recombinant plasmid, using ligase enzyme.
- the plasmid is inserted in the bacteria to create more
why is bacteria useful in GE?
- not much space needed
- no ethical issues
- cheap
- reproduce quickly
- able to make complex molecules
- have plasmids
adv of genetically modified crops.
- herbicide and insect resistant
- greater yield
- additional nutritional value
dis of genetically modified crops
- herbicide restant weeds
- unforeseen problems passed to off-spring
- might harm human health
- expensive
How does yeast help in making bread
- yeast mixed with water, flour and carbs to make dough in a warm place.
- Enzymes break down carbs to sugars.
- yeast aerobically respires the sugars, releasing CO2.
- When oxygen runs out , yeast respires anaerobically, releasing ethanol and CO2.
- The gas expands the dough.
- The yeast is killed in the oven
what enzyme is used in fruit extraction?
pectinase, which breaks down the walls of fruits and vegetables for easier extraction.
other industrial uses of biotech enzymes
biological washing powders that remove stains from clothes.
effective at low temp because they contain enzymes.
uses of biotech enzymes in milk products
lactase used to break lactose into glucose and galactose, for lactose-intolerant people
other uses of biotech in medicine
penicillin antibiotic made from fungi
what are fermentors?
culture medium to grow microorganisms
what do fermenters contain to create optimum conditions?
- ph probe
- paddles to stir / air if fungi
- thermometer
- water jacket for optimum temp
