2.3 The Age of Revolution

Question 1

duration of the American revolution

Answer 1

1775 - 1783

Question 2

duration of the French revolution

Answer 2

1789 - 1799

Question 3

what was the first organized political revolution in the history of the world

Answer 3

The American Revolution/ The American War of Independence

Question 4

What did the American Revolution lead to? (3)

Answer 4

• the birth of the USA as a nation
• end of autocratic rule
• establishment of a democratic form of government

Question 5

when did the establishment of permanent European settlements take place?

Answer 5

16th Century

Question 6

By, 18th century, how many colonies had been established along the east coast of North America

Answer 6

13

Question 7

List 8 causes of the American War of Independence

Answer 7

• Rigid control over economic policies
• Unjust and Exploitative Administration
• social and cultural differences
• No representation in British Parliament
• Heavy taxation and restrictions on business and commerce
• Influence of European philosophers
• Demand for Total freedom
• Boston Tea Party

Question 8

rigid control over economic policies (3)

Answer 8

• The British government gave the colonies considerable liberty to manage local affairs, but kept tight control over economic policies
• This was because the Government of England believed that colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country
• By the mid-18th century, these 13 colonies had developed into prosperous agricultural and industrial settlements

Question 9

Unjust and exploitative administration (4)

Answer 9

• each colony has its own assembly, elected by the people of the colony but the Governor was appointed by the British
• Governor was not answerable to the Assembly
• Governor governed in interest of the mother country
• American settlers who worked very hard could not enjoy the fruits of their labour

Question 10

Heavy taxation and restrictions on business and commerce (2)

Answer 10

• The British collected heavy taxes and imposed many restrictions on the business and commerce of the colonies
• This hampered their economic development

Question 11

social and cultural differences (4)

Answer 11

• colonists were simple and liberal
• British Puritans were rigid and conservative
• The colonists developed their own separate, distinct identity
• They aspired for freedom and wanted to grow into a separate independent nation

Question 12

no representation in the British Parliament (4)

Answer 12

• The British government (aka mother country) wanted obedience
• colonists wanted the right to have a say in matters that affected them
• colonists did not have representatives in the Parliament, so they argued Britain had no right to tax them
• NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION became a clarion call of the colonists

Question 13

what became a clarion call of the colonists

Answer 13

NOO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATIONN

Question 14

Influence of European philosophers

Answer 14

• American revolutionaries were greatly influenced by ideas of Locke, Voltaire, Rousseau, who inspired them to fight for liberty

Question 15

Demand for total freedom (3)

Answer 15

• demand for representation in the Parliament soon became a demand for TOTAL FREEDOM from British rule

-colonies argues that the right to govern should be based on the consent of the governed

• since the British government was unjust, exploitative, and oppressive, it must be overthrown

Question 16

Boston Tea Party (4)

Answer 16

The whole American Revolution was sparked by an incident known as the Boston Tea Party

a group of colonists disguised as native Americans raided British ships in the Boston Harbour, and threw 340 crates of tea into the same

this was a protest against the new taxes + a tax on tea

Boston Tea Party was seen as an act of open defiance of the colonies against British government

Question 17

what year did the Boston tea party happen

Answer 17

1773

Question 18

What happened in 1774 (in regard to the American colonies of North America) (3)

Answer 18

• Representatives of the colonies met in Philadelphia in 1774
• they appealed to King George III to withdraw all unjust and oppressive acts
• the King regarded this as an act of rebellion and declared war on the colonies

Question 19

What happened in 1775 (in reference to the American Colonies) (2)

Answer 19

• Fighting broke out in Lexington and Concord in April of 1775
• Colonists chose George Washington as Commander - in - Chief of their troops

Question 20

what happened in 1776 (in reference to the American Colonies)

Answer 20

representatives of the colonies once again met in Philadelphia to sign the Declaration of Independence

Question 21

where and when was the Declaration of Independence signed

Answer 21

Philadelphia, 1776

Question 22

What did the Declaration of Independence state? (3)

Answer 22

• American colonists had the right to free themselves from the British government and form their own government
• all men are born equal
• all men are endowed with certain fundamental rights like rights to life and liberty, and pursuits of happiness

Question 23

What happened in 1783 (about the American Colonies) (2)

Answer 23

The Treaty of Paris was signed between the British government and the colonists

According to this treaty, the British government recognized the independence of the 13 colonies i.e. The United States of America

Question 24

When is the American Independence Day celebrated

Answer 24

4th Of July

Question 25

6 results of the American War of Independence

Answer 25

British rule in the American states ended, and the United States of America was born A written constitution was framed A federal, democratic, republican government was set up The new government guaranteed rights to freedom of speech, press, religion, any justice to its citizens The country would be ruled by an elected President who would govern according to the laws in the Constitution in 1789, George Washington was elected the first president of the USA

Question 26

when was George Washington elected president

Answer 26

1789 (6 years after the Treaty of Paris was signed)

Question 27

what things did the framers of the Indian Constitution adopt from the Constitution of the United States (3)

Answer 27

federal form of government incorporation of fundamental rights like the American Bill of Rights System of checks and balances

Question 28

List the 6 causes of the french revolution

Answer 28

- Unequal, unjust, social order - Growing power of the middle class - influence of new ideas - Autocratic, absolute monarchy - Inefficient, corrupt administration - Influence of the American revolution

Question 29

Ancién Regime (5)

Answer 29

- feudal society which existed in france pre-revolution - society was divided into 3 classes called Estates - First estate was the clergy, wealthy, privileged, did not pay taxes - Second estate was nobles and their families, also wealthy, privileged and did not pay taxes - Third estate was 95 percent of the population made up of peasants, workers, lawyers, professionals, workers etc

Question 30

An unequal unjust social order (3)

Answer 30

- french society was essentially feudal in nature - three estates: first two were privileged, wealthy and comfortable. No taxes and owned practically all the land in France - Third estate had the entire burden of taxation and no privileges, everything was taxed and life was hard

Question 31

Growing power of the middle class (3)

Answer 31

- middle class had acquired a lot of wealth and become economically powerful in the 18th century - but still they were denied social equality and political rights; this caused resentment among them - middle class used their economic power to overthrow the ancien regime

Question 32

Influence of new ideas (3)

Answer 32

revolutionary writings of Voltaire, Rousseau, and Montesquieu created an intellectual ferment in France middle class was greatly inspired by the ideas of liberty, equality, fraternity and popular sovereignty through their writings, these philosophers inspired the people to revolt and fight for their rights

Question 33

Autocratic, absolute monarchy (3)

Answer 33

french king was autocrat, his will was law and he had absolute powers no check on his powers by any Parliament He ruled by Divine Right and was only answerable to God and not to the people

Question 34

Inefficient and corrupt administration (4)

Answer 34

- officials were selfish and unconcerned about welfare of the people - King Louis XVI was pleasure loving and extravagant and ignorant, also influenced by his wife Marie Antoinette - economic bankruptcy aggravated by French involvement in useful wars against england - the poor were still taxed unfairly

Question 35

Influence of the American revolution (2)

Answer 35

- some french generals and soldiers fought in the American Revolution and returned to france with revolutionary ideas the success of the american revolutionaries enthused and inspired the french to rebel

Question 36

What was the National Assembly and when was it assembled?

Answer 36

On 17th 1789 Members of the third estate declared that they would constitute themselves as the National Assembly

Question 37

Explain Tennis Court Oath

Answer 37

On June 20, 1789 Members of the third estate met at a tennis court and took an oath to not separate until a new constitution was made for france

Question 38

The Storming of Bastille (5)

Answer 38

On 14th July 1789 a huge mob attacked the state prison it symbolized the victory of the people of france and the fall of the monarchy The National Assembly adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen Louis XVI and Marie tried to escape but were caught and executed

Question 39

Results of the french revolution (7)

Answer 39

- all men are born free and have equal rights for all are equal in the eyes of the law - every citizen is entitled to freedom of speech and expression, religion and fair trial - liberty, egalite, fraternite - became the guiding principles of the french republic - end of monarchy and way for republic - foundation of a democratic government - feudalism and serfdom were established and the power of the church was brought under control - Happiness for All was the new goal of the government

Question 40

When did Napoleon Bonaparte become Emperor of France/ master of Europe (3)

Answer 40

seized political power in 1799 crowned himself in 1804 Become master of europe and unified it by 1810

Question 41

why did people rise up against Napoleon (2)

Answer 41

he overthrew despotic governments and liberated the people from their hereditary rulers unfortunately, the liberator soon became the tyrant and forcibly imposed French systems and culture on these liberated nations

Question 42

what happened in 1814

Answer 42

people of europe rose up against Napoleon

Question 43

What happened in 1815

Answer 43

Napoleon was defeated in the Battle of Waterloo and exiled to the lonely island of St. helena he died in 1821

Question 44

In which battle was Napoleon defeated?

Answer 44

Battle of Waterloo, 1815

Question 45

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Answer 45

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