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Skeletal Rad > Test #2 > Flashcards

Test #2 Flashcards

1
Q

M/C skeletal injury in childhood?

A

Clavicles fx

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2
Q

Fxs that are frequent b/w ages of 20-40?

A

AC separation

Dislocation of the shoulder & clavicle fx

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3
Q

Common fxs in elderly?

A

Fxs of humeral head & surgical neck

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4
Q

Type of fx that is uncommon in childhood?

A

Rib fxs

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5
Q

Ribs that are M/C fx?

A

4-9

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6
Q

Type of Rib fx that shows up better on CT than xray?

A

Fxs at costovertebral junction & pos. aspect of ribs

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7
Q

Weightlifters tend to fx which ribs?

A

2nd

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8
Q

Throwing athletes tend to fx which rib?

A

stress fx at 1st rib

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9
Q

Golfer’s & passion fx happen at which ribs?

A

4-9

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10
Q

Cough (Post-tussive) causes fx at which ribs?

A

6-7 ant. ribs

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11
Q

A person w/ one or more ribs w/ 2 fxs & isolated fragments move in opposite direction during respiration (paradoxical motion) suffer from what?

A

Flail chest

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12
Q

Radiographic features of rib fxs?

A 
Fx line
Cortical offset
Angular deformity
Callus formation
Extra-pleural sign
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13
Q

Complication of rib fxs?

A

Pneumothorax or hemothorax
Contusion
Pneumonia

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14
Q

M/C site of clavicle fx?

A

Middle portion

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15
Q

Clavicle fx healing is often assoc. w/ what?

A

Exuberant callus formation

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16
Q

Complications of clavicle fx?

A 
Neurovascular damage
Non-union
Malunion
post-traumatic osteolysis
Degeneration arthritis
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17
Q

Post-traumatic osteolysis starts as what?

A

Cystic rarefaction

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18
Q

Most shoulder abnormalities are best identified on what type of view?

A

AP

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19
Q

What 2 views are obtained for a shoulder at a minimum?

A

AP w/ int. rotation

AP w/ ext. rotation

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20
Q

Type of view that shows pos. dislocation of shoulder well?

A

Grashey View

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21
Q

Type of view that shows ant. & pos. relationships of shoulder?

A

Axillary view

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22
Q

This view is AKA a “Y” view?

A

Scapular view

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23
Q

Ant. shoulder dislocations go which direction?

A

Med. & inf.

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24
Q

Pos. shoulder dislocation go which directions?

A

Sup. & lat

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25
Q

M/C dislocation in shoulder?

A

Anterior

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26
Q

M/C mechanism for ant. dislocation of the shoulder?

A

Adductor w/ external rotation

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27
Q

Type of mechanism that causes pos. shoulder dislocation?

A

Direct blow to shoulder, occasional falls, electrical shock, seizures

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28
Q

What two deformities are assoc w/ an ant. shoulder dislocation?

A

Hill-Sachs deformity & Bankart’s lesion

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29
Q

What two signs are assoc. w/ a pos. shoulder dislocation?

A

Trough sign & Racquet sign

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30
Q

What is the avg. AC joint space?

A

2-4mm; shouldn’t be a difference >2mm b/w sides

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31
Q

What’s the avg. coracoclavicular space avg?

A

11-13mm; shouldn’t be a difference >5mm b/w sides

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32
Q

M/C elbow fx in children?

A

Supracondylar fx

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33
Q

The distal fragmnet displaces which direction in a supracondylar fx?

A

Posteriorly

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34
Q

Type of fx usually avulsive from traction by flexor or extensor tendons or collateral ligs?

A

Epicondylar fx

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35
Q

Epicondylar fx is AKA?

A

Little Leaguer’s elbow

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36
Q

Medial epicondyle separation is common in what?

A

Throwing sports before union of apophysis, 18-19yr of age

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37
Q

2nd M/C elbow fx in adults?

A

Olecranon process fx

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38
Q

Olecranon process fx is caused by what?

A

Direct trauma or acute flexion

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39
Q

Olecranon pocess fx is best visualized on what view?

A

Lateral

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40
Q

M/C fx of the elbow in the adult?

A

Radial head/neck fx

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41
Q

M/C cause of radial head/neck fx?

A

Fall on an outstretched hand resulting in impaction of radial head into capitellum

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42
Q

Incomplete vertical fx of radial head?

A

Chisel fx

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43
Q

A comminuted fx of the radial head w/ dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Essex-Lopresti fx

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44
Q

M/C dislocation in children?

A

Elbow dislocation

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45
Q

3rd M/C dislocation in adults?

A

Elbow dislocation

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46
Q

Types of elbow dislocations that are M/C?

A

Pos. & posteriolateral

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47
Q

What % of forearm fx involve both bones?

A

~60%

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48
Q

Forearm fxs occur most often in which part of the shaft?

A

Middle 1/3rd

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49
Q

Fx of distal ulnar shaft; AKA nightstick fx

A

Parry Fx

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50
Q

Fx of the prox. ulna w/ ant. dislocation of prox. radius

A

Monteggia Fx

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51
Q

Fx of radius at junction of middle & distal 1/3rd w/ dislocation at teh distal radioulnar joint; AKA as Piedmont or Reversed Monteggia

A

Galeazzi Fx

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52
Q

Fx of the distal radius approx 2-3.5 cm from articular surface w/ pos. angulation of the distal fragment. >60% have a fx of ulnar styloid

A

Colles’ fx

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53
Q

M/C mechanism of Colles’ fx?

A

Falling on outstretched hand

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54
Q

Deformity assoc. w/ Colle’s fx?

A

Dinner-fork deformity

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55
Q

Characteristics of Colles’ fx?

A 
Usually comminuted transverse fx
Cortical overlap
Decreased length of radius
Pos. angulation of distal fragment
Altered pronator quadratus fat line
56
Q

Colles’ fx plus fractured ulnar styloid & dislocation of distal radioulnar joint is what type of fx?

A

Moore’s fx

57
Q

Fx of the distal radius approx. 2-3.5cm from the articular surface w/ ant. angulation of distal fragment; AKA Reverse Colles

A

Smith fx

58
Q

M/C mechanism of Smith fx?

A

Fall w/ wrist forced into flexion or direct blow

59
Q

Fx of pos. rim of distal radius w/ pos. displacement of the carpus

A

Barton (Rim) Fx

60
Q

M/C mechanism for Barton (Rim) Fx?

A

Falling on out stretched hand

61
Q

Fx of ant. rim of distal radius w/ ant. displacement of the carpus

A

Reverse Barton fx

62
Q

Fx of radial styloid; transverse or oblique fx line; avulsion or impaction; AKA Backfire, Hutchinson

A

Chauffeurs Fx

63
Q

M/C fx of wrist b/w ages of 6-10; caused by longitudinal force; AKA Buckle fx

A

Torus Fx

64
Q

M/C fx carpal bone

A

Scaphoid fx

65
Q

Scaphoid fx are M/C in what age group?

A

Young adults (15-40)

66
Q

Mechanism for a scaphoid fx?

A

FOOSH w/ radial flexion

67
Q

Scaphoids are common locations for what type of fx?

A

Occult fx

68
Q

Complications of scaphoid fx?

A

AVN, non-union, instability, DJD

69
Q

2nd M/C fx’ed carpal bone?

A

triquetrum

70
Q

Routine series for wrist?

A

PA, wrist oblique, PA ulnar deviated, Lateral

71
Q

Percentage that fx crosses each area of scaphoid?

A

Waist - 70-80%
Prox. pole -15-20%
Distal pole & tubercle - 5-10%

72
Q

AVN & non-union is M/C in fxs that involve what part of scaphoid?

A

Prox. pole

73
Q

Procedure of choice in demonstrating subtle fx of carpals & complications?

A

MRI

74
Q

Avulsion fx that involves the radiocarpal lig; AKA Fischer fx

A

Triquetrum Fx

75
Q

Usually d/t hyperextension injury; M/C carpal to dislocate ant.; assoc w/ Pie sign

A

Lunate dislocation

76
Q

This is assoc. w/ the ring sign or terry thomas sign

A

Rotary subluxation of the scaphoid (scapholunate dissociation)

77
Q

Intra-articular fx thru base of 1st metacarpal; dorsal & radial displacement of the shaft; tends to go through the articular surface

A

Bennett fx

78
Q

Tear or complete rupture of ulnar collateral lig.; may see an avulsed fragment

A

Gamekeeper’s fx AKA Ski pole fx

79
Q

Mechanism of Gamekeeper’s fx?

A

Abduction & extension

80
Q

Fx in head/neck of the 2nd or 3rd metacarpal

A

Boxer fx

81
Q

Fx in head/neck of the 4th or 5th metacarpal

A

Bar Room fx

82
Q

Extensor tendon avulsion

A

Mallet Finger

83
Q

Avulsion fx around the PIP, not the DIP

A

Volar Plate fx

84
Q

These fxs are caused by abnormal degree of repetitive trauma, muscle imbalances, or altered biomechanics

A

Stress fxs

85
Q

Signs & symptoms of stress fxs?

A

Pain w/ activity relieved w/ rest; swelling & tenderness

86
Q

Radiographic signs of stress fxs?

A

Periosteal response, fx line, & transverse opaque bands

87
Q

Stress fxs are best detected by what?

A

MRI or SPECT scans

88
Q

DDX for stress fxs?

A

osteomyelitis, osteoid osteoma, growth arrest lines, osteosarcoma

89
Q

M/C area for stress fxs?

A

Pars inticularis or metatarsals

90
Q

When is a pelvic fx considered stable?

A

If the pelvic ring is not separated into two pieces

91
Q

Type of stable pelvic fx that is a fx of the iliac wing caused by a lat. force, direct blow

A

Duverny’s Fx

92
Q

An avulsion fx of the ASIS is assoc w/ which muscle?

A

Sartorius

93
Q

An avulsion fx of the AIIS is assoc w/ which muscle?

A

Rectus femoris

94
Q

An avulsion fx of the ischial tuberosity is assoc w/ which muscle?

A

Hamstring

95
Q

Ischial tuberosity avulsion fxs are assoc w/ which type of athletes?

A

hurdlers, gymnasts, cheerleaders

96
Q

Sup. & inf. pubic ramus fx w/ a fx near or separation of the ipsilateral SI joint

A

Malgaigne Fx

97
Q

Sup & inf pubic ramus fx w/ a fx or separation of the contralateral SI joint

A

Bucket-handle fx

98
Q

Bilateral sup. pubic rami & ischiopubic fxs

A

Straddle Fx

99
Q

Type of force that causes a malgaigne fx?

A

Vertical, shearing force

100
Q

Type of force that causes a bucket handle fx?

A

Oblique or torquing

101
Q

Separation of the pubic symphysis & both SI joints?

A

Sprung Pelvis AKA Open book fx

102
Q

Central acetabular fx

A

Explosion Fx

103
Q

Posterior acetabular rib fx

A

Dashboard Fx

104
Q

M/C dislocation of hip?

A

Posterior dislocation of hip

105
Q

Where is the femoral head displaced in a pos. dislocation of hip?

A

Sup. & lat.

106
Q

Where is femur head displaced in relation to acetabulum in an anterior dislocation of hip?

A

Inferiorly & medially

107
Q

M/C cause of anterior dislocation of hip?

A

Sciatic nerve paralysis

108
Q

Hip fxs are M/C in which gender?

A

Females

109
Q

M/C type of hip fxs?

A

Intracapsular (subcapital are M/C intracapsular type)

110
Q

Subtrochanteric fx suggests what?

A

Bone pathology

111
Q

Line of mensuration that runs along the medial aspect of neck of femur; should be smooth

A

Shenton’s Line

112
Q

Line of mensuration that runs straight through the fovea or below it

A

Skinner’s Line

113
Q

Femoral Angle line shows what?

A

Coxa Vera/Valgus

114
Q

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis is AKA what?

A

adolescent coxa vara, epiphyseolisthesis

115
Q

What age & gender does it affect?

A

10-15yr; males

116
Q

What is the M/C disorder of the adolescent hip?

A

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

117
Q

What are the causes of SCFE?

A

Idiopathic
Traumatic incident
Being obese & inactive

118
Q

Line of mensuration that is specific for SCFE

A

Klein’s line

119
Q

M/C complication of SCFE

A

avascular necrosis

120
Q

CAM type of femoral acetabular impingement has the problem w/ what?

A

Problem is w/ the femur

121
Q

Pincher type of femoral acetabuler impingement problem is w/ what?

A

Problem is w/ the acetabulem

122
Q

Med. or lat. tibial plateau fx from a severe varus or valgus stress

A

Bumper (fender) fx

123
Q

Avulsion of the lat. tibia at the insertion of the tensor fascia lata (assoc. w/ Gerdy’s tubercle)

A

Segond Fx

124
Q

Proximal tibial metaphysis in children aged 2-10

A

Trampoline Fx

125
Q

Distal diaphyseal or metaphyseal spiral fx of the tibia & fibula in an adult

A

Boot-top fx (Skier’s fx)

126
Q

Keger’s Fat is assoc. w/ what injury?

A

Ankle trauma

127
Q

Ankle Fx classification

A

Unimalleolar
Bimalleolar
Trimalleolar
Complex

128
Q

Distal fibula fx 6-7cm above the malleolus w/ disruption of the distal tibiofibular lig.

A

Pott’s Fx

129
Q

Distal fibula fx 6-7cm above the malleolus, disrupted distal tibiofibular lig., diastasis, lat. talus dislocation, up-&-out foot displacement

A

Dupuytren’s Fx

130
Q

Prox. fibula fx owing to an inversion & external rotation injury of the ankle

A

Maissoneuve’s fx

131
Q

Bohler’s Angle indicates what type of fx?

A

Calcaneal fx

132
Q

M/C fx bone in foot

A

Calcaneus

133
Q

Fx through the neck of the talus

A

Aviator’s fx

134
Q

Avulsion fx of the styloid of the 5th metatarsal base

A

Jones’ fx AKA Dancer’s fx

135
Q

Phalangeal fx from striking an object

A

Bedroom fx

136
Q

Dorsal dislocation of the metatarsal bases w/ assoc. fx

A

Lisfranc’s fx (dislocation)

Skeletal Rad (5 decks)

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