Important Names

Question 1

Alfred Wallace

Answer 1

(1823-1913) independent identified natural selection as the key to the evolutionary process (p40)

Question 2

Charles Darwin

Answer 2

(1809-1882) Book “On the Origin of Species”, outlining natural selection , and (later termed) evolution (p40)

Question 3

Thomas Malthus

Answer 3

(1766–1834) “An Essay on the Principle of Population” economist, argued for limits on population growth => populations grow but resources remain the same. (Influenced Darwin and Wallace in discovering natural selection.)

Question 4

Gregor Mendel

Answer 4

(1822–1884) monk, heredity, pea experiments.

Question 5

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Answer 5

(1744–1829) “Changes in environment shape a species”, attempts to explain the workings of evolution rather than just observe it

Question 6

Charles Lyell

Answer 6

(1797–1875) founder of modern geology, lawyer, (1836) Charles Darwin’s friend and mentor, “Principles of Geology” (1833): argued that the geological processes we see today are the same as those in the past, aka uniformitarianism. Influenced theory of earth’s timescale from thousands to millions of years.

Question 7

Georges Cuvier

Answer 7

(1769– 1832), introduced the concept of extinction to explain the disappearance of animals represented by fossils. never grasped the dynamic concept of nature and continued to insist on the fixity of species