230927 SCI TEST

Question 1

lithosphere is divided into pieces

Answer 1

tectonic plate

Question 2

a theory that describes large-scale movements of Earth’s lithosphere

Answer 2

plate tectonic

Question 3

the movement of material due to differences in density that are caused by differences in temperature

Answer 3

convection

Question 4

a normal fault is a result of what type of stress?

Answer 4

tension stress

Question 5

a strike-slip fault is a result of what type of stress?

Answer 5

shear stress

Question 6

a reverse fault is caused by what type of stress?

Answer 6

compression stress

Question 7

how does the movements of tectonic plates cause deformation in rock?

Answer 7

movement caused stress on rocks. rocks under stress experience deformation

Question 8

what is deformation?

Answer 8

a process causing rocks to change shape because of stress

Question 9

compositional layers

Answer 9

based on the different mixture of chemicals in the layer

Question 10

2 types of crust

Answer 10

oceanic and continental

Question 11

convection

Answer 11

the movement of matter caused by difference in density because of variations in temperature

Question 12

mantle

Answer 12

hot, slow-flowing, solid rock

Question 13

core

Answer 13

densest layer, the center of the earth

Question 14

lithosphere

Answer 14

outermost, rigrid layer; made of crust and upper mantle

Question 15

asthenosphere

Answer 15

made of solid, slowly flowing rocks

Question 16

mesosphere

Answer 16

flows more slowly than asthenosphere

Question 17

outer core

Answer 17

the mantle and around inner core

Question 18

inner core

Answer 18

very center is approximately 6380km below the surface

Question 19

Pangea

Answer 19

one gigantic landmass or super continent

Question 20

ocean surrounded pangea

Answer 20

panthalassa

Question 21

gradual plate tectonics

Answer 21

base don current movements of tectonic plate ; 2.5cm/year

Question 22

mantle convection

Question 23

slab-bull

Answer 23

a subduction zones the denser plate sinks below the less dense one ; the leading edge is much denser than the mantle below it

Question 24

ridge push

Answer 24

warm, less-dense rock rises to the top of the mid-ocean ridges ; as it cools, it becomes dense and moves downward motion pushes the plate away

Question 25

convergent boundaries

Answer 25

where plates collide

Question 26

divergent boundaries

Answer 26

two plates that move away from each other, allows asthenosphere to rise the surface as the molten rock

Question 27

transform boundaries

Answer 27

two plates that move past each other horizontally and not smooth; their sudden slippage causes earthquake

Question 28

low temperature deformation

Answer 28

formed faults and rock breaks

Question 29

high temperature deformation

Answer 29

folds are formed and rocks bend down

Question 30

folding has 2 common types

Answer 30

syncline and anticline

Question 31

fault

Answer 31

3 main types: fault plaine, hanging wall, footwall

Question 32

strike-slip faults

Answer 32

horizontal motion of fault blocks and form under shear stress

Question 33

how does strike-slip faults formed under shear stress?

Answer 33

it pushes rocks in parrallel but opposite direction

Question 34

normal faults

Answer 34

form when rocks undergo compression

Question 35

reverse faults

Answer 35

the hanging wall move up the footwall ; form when rocks undergo compression

Question 36

folded mountains

Answer 36

form when rock layers are pushed together and usually at convergent boundaries ex: Appalachians and Pyrennes

Question 37

Volcanic mountains

Answer 37

form when melted rock erupts onto the surface of Earth and can be on land and underwater ; usually divergent boundaries

Question 38

fault-blocked mountains

Answer 38

tension breaks rock along many normal faults amd pieces of rock drop down and those still standing form mountains ; usually along divergent boundaries