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Pharmacology Block 3 > Stimulants > Flashcards

Stimulants Flashcards

1
Q

What are two disorders stimulants are used to treat?

A

ADHD and Narcolepsy

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2
Q

How does Adenosine work?

A

They work in both the pre- and post synaptic neuron.
Pre-Synaptic neuron has glutamate release inhibited
Post-Synaptic neuron agonist of adenosine receptors causing hyperpolarization.

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3
Q

How does Caffeine work?

A

Antagonist of Adenosine receptors, preventing hyperpolarization of the post-synaptic neuron and increases Glu release.
High enough doses inhibits - PDE, increasing cAMP

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4
Q

How does tolerance develop to Caffeine?

A

Adenosine receptors become upregulated, requiring more caffeine for the same effects.

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5
Q

What are the CNS effects of Caffeine?

A

Increased alertness, decreased fatigue, nervousness/tremors, and increased HR

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6
Q

What are peripheral effects of Caffeine?

A

Positive inotropic effects and chronotrophic
Dilates vessels and constricts cerebral flow.
Diuresis and increases gastric secretion

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7
Q

What sympathomimetic prevents the reuptake of NE, Dopamine, and Serotonin?

A

Cocaine.

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of Cocaine?

A

Blocks the transporting back into the presynaptic neuron, since there is less in the neurons tyrosine hydrolyase are upregulated producing more neurotransmitters further increasing the amount in the cleft.

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9
Q

What are the effects of Cocaine in the body?

A

Vasocinstriction, increased HR, increased arousal/alertness, Euphoria, increased confidence (dopamine)

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10
Q

What are toxic symptoms of Cocaine?

A

Psychological Dependence
Seizures
MI / Arrhythmias
Effects unborn fetus

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of physical dependence and withdrawal?

A

Craving and constantly seeking.

Withdrawal - depression and fatigue

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12
Q

How are amphetamines different from cocaine?

A

Longer half-life - similar mechanism.
Cause the release of NE, DA, and Serotonin from the vessicles in presynaptic neuron. Additionally, partial alpha-agonist and MAO inhibitor.
–More NE effects, compared to cocaine–

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13
Q

What are the effects of Amphetamines?

A

Increased arousal, decreases fatigue, increased performance, elevated mood/confidence, suppressed appetite. Elevated HR and Vasoconstriction

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14
Q

What drug has more CNS effects compared to Amphetamine?

A

Methamphetamine

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15
Q

What two drugs are used to treat ADHD?

A

Amphetamine and Methylphenidate

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16
Q

What drug is not classified as amphetamine, but has similar effects?

A

Methylphenidate

17
Q

What are side effects of using amphetamine?

A

Insomnia, anorexia, abd pain, increased body temp, facial ticks, suppression of growth

18
Q

What are toxic side effects of Amphetamine?

A

Restlessness, Tremor, Psychosis, Permanent intellectual problems, and dry mouth.

19
Q

Where does Nicotine interact and what does it stimulate?

A

Cholinergic Receptor agonist.

  • Autonomic ganglia – Epi release
  • Parasympatic - stimulates GI
20
Q

What are the effects of Nicotine?

A

CNS Stimulant, increased alertness, muscle relaxant, and increased dopamine/reward.

21
Q

What are withdrawal symptoms of Nicotine?

A

Irritability, anxiety, depression, and weight gain

22
Q

How does tolerance develop for Nicotine and why does dependence occur?

A

Tolerance is very rapid, even just overnight.

Dependence due to activating dopamine release and reward system with every dose of Nicotine.

23
Q

How does the amount of abuse of Nicotine compare to Cocaine?

A

High Abuse rates than Cocaine.

24
Q

What are two drugs used with Nicotine dependence treatment?

A

Bupropion and Varenicline

25
Q

How does Bupropion work in helping with Nicotine dependence?

A

Enhances NE/Dopamine signaling, reduces craving and withdrawal symptoms.
-Can cause dry mouth and insomnia-

26
Q

What is the mechanism of Varenicline for helping with Nicotine replacement?

A

Partial agonist of nicotinic receptors
Reduces cravings, blocks effects of Nicotine, no tolerance development of Varenicline
Increases chance of depression and SI

Pharmacology Block 3 (19 decks)

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