Primary Cementing

Question 1

What is Primary Cementing

Answer 1

The introduction of a cementitious material or cement slurries into the annulus between casing and open hole or previous casing or both

Question 2

Objetives for primary Cementing

Answer 2

Provide zonal isolation
Protect the casing string against corrosion
Support axial load of casing strings and strings to be run later
Support the borehole
Meet government regulations

Question 3

The size of the casing depends on

Answer 3

The depth of the well
The size of the open hole
The drilling objective
The expected hydrostatic and formation pressures
The type of completion once the well is drilled.

Question 4

Types of Casings

Answer 4

Conductor
Surface
Intermediate
Production Casing
   Liners and Tie-Backs

Question 5

Conductor Casing Purpose

Answer 5

Prevents washing out under the rig
Provides elevation for flow nipple
Protects shallow sands from contamination

Question 6

Advantages of stab in cementing

Answer 6

Less cement contamination
Less channelling
Small displacement volume
Pump until cement to surface
Less job time (rig time)
Less cement

Question 7

Outside Cementing (Top Job) key points

Answer 7

Bring cement to surface
Macaroni tubing used
Max. depth 250-300 ft
High friction pressures
Non-standard connections

Question 8

Surface Casing purpose

Answer 8

Protect surface fresh water formation
Case off unconsolidated or loss areas
Provide a competent mechanical base for subsequent operations (BOP, casings, etc.)

Question 9

The BOP Stack parts

Answer 9

Anular preventer
Blind rams 
Shear rams
Pipe rams
Kill line 
Choke line

Question 10

Intermediate Casing(s) purpose

Answer 10

Isolate hole into workable sections

Seal off nonproductive, high-pressure zones above the zone of interest.

Question 11

Two Stage Cementing key points

Answer 11

Separation and isolation of zones
Reduces hydrostatic
Can leave zone in the annulus uncemented (cement at TD and surface)

Question 12

Production Casing(s) or Liner(s) purpose

Answer 12

Isolates the pay zone from other formations and the fluids in them.
Protective housing for production equipment.
Subsurface artificial lift
Multiple zone completion
Screens for sand control

Question 13

Identification of casing

Answer 13

OD 	             
    Weight		
    Grade	    
    Burst pressure 
    Collapse pressure
    Thread type

Question 14

Thread Types

Answer 14

8 Round
Buttress
VAM
Hydrill

Question 15

Basic Cementing Process

Answer 15

Use the two-plugs method for pumping and displacement cement slurry down through the casing and up the annulus.
Process is completed when a pressure increase at the surface and displacement is terminated.
Leave the well shut in for a time to allow the cement to harden before completion work or drilling out

Question 16

Cement Heads types

Answer 16

Conventional Cement Head

Deepsea EXPRES* Head

Question 17

Conventional Cement heat types

Answer 17

Single-plug and Double-plug

Fabricated or Integral Heads

Question 18

Evaluation of a Cement Job

Answer 18

Job evaluation is the comparison of job results versus the job objectives and, if different, the determination of the reason.

Question 19

Squeeze operations objetives

Answer 19

Repair improper zonal isolation
Fill annulus to raise top of cement
Plug perforations to control water production
Repair corroded casing

Question 20

Cement job design basics

Answer 20

Hole & casing capacities, Formation temperature & pressures, Static & dynamic hydrostatic pressures, Flow regimes, etc

Question 21

Casing Hardware types

Answer 21

Shoes
Float Collars
Inner-String Cementing Equipment
Multiple Stage equipment & Baskets
Centralizers & Scratchers
Cementing Heads & Plugs

Question 22

casing hardware definition

Answer 22

Casing Hardware refer to the equipment use on or within the casing string to enhance casing placement into the hole and cementing operation.

Question 23

Not part of the BOP

Answer 23

Safety rams

Question 24

Pin puller checks

Answer 24

Check Visually to ensure that it retracts and engages fully

count the number of turns before the cement head is loaded and stabbed