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micro Flashcards

1
Q

stimulates g protein to activate adenylate cyclase

A

cholera toxin

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2
Q

hand-foot-mouth disease + fevers, fecal oral route

A

Coxsackie A virus

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3
Q

hand-foot-mouth + myocarditis, muscle aches, GI distress

A

Coxsackie B virus

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4
Q

nosocomial infection due to respirator

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

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5
Q

virulence of neisseria

A

LPS

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6
Q

bug associated with guillian-burre

A

campylobactor jejuni, mycoplasma pneumonia

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7
Q

activates the immune response resulting in increased cAMP

A

salmonella

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8
Q

pseudomembranes in throat

A

corynebacterium diptheriae

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9
Q

inactivates elongation factor 2 -> inhibiting protein synthesis

A

corynebacterium diptheriae

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10
Q

swarming pattern on culture

A

proteus mirabilis

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11
Q

struvate crystals with previous UTI - Mg NH4 PO4

A

proteus mirabilis (staghorn caliculi)

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12
Q

meningitis from swimming in lakes

A

naegleria fowleri (ameoba)

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13
Q

round infiltrates in the lungs, eosinophilia (maybe charcot leydin crystals) no eggs in stool (until 40 days)

A

ascaris lumbricoides

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14
Q

drooling, dysphagia, distress, thumb sign

A

epiglottis

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15
Q

cause of epiglottis

A

H. flu

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16
Q

parainfluenza virus

A

croup

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17
Q

caves, bird, bat droppings, hilar lymphadenopathy

A

histoplasma capsulatum

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18
Q

dessert, california, arizona, small budding yeast

SSx: fever, chest pain, difficulty breathing, erythema nodosum

A

coccidomycosis

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19
Q

halo sign in lungs, fungus ball, acute angle branching

A

aspergillus

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20
Q

great lakes, ohio river valley, cutaneous symptoms, difficulty breathing

A

blastomycosis

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21
Q

upper respiratory infections or pneumonia from mister or air conditioning units

A

leigonella pneumophila

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22
Q

treatment for leigoneres disease

A

fluoroquinolones

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23
Q

cultured on buffered charcoal yeast agar

A

leigonella pneumophila

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24
Q

bacterial travelers diarrhea and prophylactic treatment

A

ETEC, salmonella, campylobactor, shigella

Tx: ciprofloxacin

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25
Q

viral travelers diarrhea

A

rotavirus, norovirus

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26
Q

common causes of myocarditis

A

T. cruzi, Coxsackie B virus, cornybacterium diptheria

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27
Q

stridor in a child, seal bark

A

croup

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28
Q

respiratory distress, wheezing, trouble breathing in an infant, winter months

A

RSV

Tx: ribavirin

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29
Q

recurrent pulmonary infections in CF patients

A

pseudomonas aurginosa

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30
Q

common cause of pneumonia in alcoholics

A

klebsiella (currant jelly sputum)

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31
Q

guillian-barre HS

A

type IV

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32
Q

cutaneous fistula with yellow “sulfur” draining puss due to poor oral health care

A

actinomyces israleii

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33
Q

How can you tell if a UTI is gram - or +

A

gram negative is + for nitrites, gram positive is not

34
Q

Unique to Gram +

A

teichoic acid

35
Q

Unique to Gram -

A

LPS

36
Q

gray smelly vaginal discharge, clue cells on wet mount

A

gardnerella vaginalis (bact vaginosis)

37
Q

palm and sole rash seen in what infections

A

CARS - Coxsackie A, Rocky mountain spotted fever (rickettsia), Syphilis

38
Q

causes of walking pneumonia

A

chlamydia, leigonella, mycoplasma

39
Q

seen mostly in diabetic ketoacidosis and leukemia patients, penetrates cribaform plate, black eschar on face, branching at right angles, non septate

A

mucor and rhizopus

40
Q

cigar shaped budding yeast, forms a local pustule or ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics

A

sporothrix

41
Q

cat scratch with nodules along draining lymphatics

A

bartonella henselae

42
Q

enlarged lymphnodes, recurrent fever, somnolence

A

trypanosoma brucei

43
Q

transmission for T brucei

A

tsetse fly

44
Q

transmission of babesia

A

ixodes tick (same as borrela burgdorferi)

45
Q

fevers, hemolytic anemia, maltese cross

A

babesia

46
Q

RBC schizont with merozoites, schuffner dots

A

malaria

47
Q

treatment for malaria

A

chloroquine, mefloquine if resistant, primaquine for vivax and ovale

48
Q

spiking fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia

A

leishmania

49
Q

transmission of leishmania

A

sandfly

50
Q

Tx of leishmania

A

sodium stibogluconate

51
Q

foul smelling green discharge with itching and burning

motile on wet mount

A

trichamonas vaginalis (vaginitis)

52
Q

tx of schistosoma

A

praziquantel

53
Q

brain cysts, seizures, parasite

A

taenia solium (cystercercosis)

54
Q

All DNA viruses except _____ are dsDNA

A

parvovirus (ssDNA)

55
Q

all DNA viruses are linear except

A

papillomavirus, polyomavirus, hepadnaviruses (circular)

56
Q

All RNA viruses are ssRNA except

A

reovirus (dsRNA) - rotavirus and coltivirus

57
Q

All DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus except

A

poxvirus

58
Q

All RNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm except

A

influenza and retroviruses

59
Q

most viruses acquire their envelopes from the plasma membrane, except

A

herpesvirus - from the nuclear membrane

60
Q

traumatic open wound infection

A

clostridium perfringens

61
Q

surgical wound infection

A

S aureus

62
Q

dog or cat bite

A

pasteurella

63
Q

positive PAS stain

A

tropheryma whipplie (whipples disease)

64
Q

asplenic patient

A

SHiN - S. pneumo, H. influenza type B, N. meningitis

65
Q

chronic granulomatous patient infection

A

catalase positive bugs esp S. aureus

66
Q

another name for croup

A

laryngotracheobronchitis

67
Q

cause of croup

A

parainfluenza virus (most common) and RSV, influenza, adenovirus

68
Q

diabetes drug causing weight gain and edema

A

-glitazones

69
Q

AIDS associated diarrhea, acid fast cysts in stool

A

cryptospordium parvum

70
Q

anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae ab

A

associated with crohns

71
Q

high fever for 3-4 days, when the fever breaks a maculopapular rash appears starting on trunk and ascending to face, febrile seizures may occur

A

roseolla HHV-6 and HHV-7

72
Q

afebrile, lacy rash starting on arms and then to cheeks, worse with sunlight

A

erythema infectiosum (parvovirus B19) - fifths disease

73
Q

3 Cs - cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, gray specks on buccal mucosa, high fever

A

Rubeola or mumps

74
Q

parotid gland swelling

A

mumps

75
Q

opportunistic infection in AIDS CD4 < 500

A

Candida, kaposi sarcoma

76
Q

opportunistic infection in AIDS CD4 < 200

A

PCP, histoplasma, JC parvovirus (PML), coccidomycosis

77
Q

opportunistic infection in AIDS CD4 < 100

A

toxoplasmosis, cryposporidia, cryptococcus, CMV

78
Q

opportunistic infection in AIDS CD4 < 50

A

Mycobacterium avium complex

79
Q

causes of pseudomembranous colitis

A

ampicillin and clindamycin

80
Q

tx of pseudomembranous colitis

A

oral metronidazole or oral vancomycin

81
Q

cause of VIRAL pink eye - watery eyes, conjunctiva, swollen eyelids

A

adenovirus, ds DNA non-enveloped

82
Q

findings AIDS associated demenita

A

multinucleated giant cells

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