Lung Disease

Question 0

Pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 0

Scars form on the epithelium of lungs causing them to thicken
Lining if alveoli need to be thin so O2 cannot diffuse into blood as efficiently as diffusion pathway is longer and volume of air lungs can contain is
reduced
Plus reduces elasticity of lungs so is harder to ventilate
Shortness of breathe, pain in chest, fatigue

Question 1

Pulmonary tuberculosis

Answer 1

Air droplet - coughing, talking, laughing
Bacteria divide in upper region of lungs where there lots of O2
WBC ingest bacteria causing inflammation if lymph nodes (primary infection)
They reemerge (post primary tuberculosis) upper region of lung
Destroys tissue of lungs causing cavities and scar tissue - coughing up blood)

Question 2

Asthma

Answer 2

Caused by pollen, pollution, cold air
WBC on bronchi release histamine
This make airways inflamed
Epithelial cells secrete more mucus
Fluid leaves capillaries and enters airways
Muscle round bronchioles contract and constricts airways
Greater resistance to flow of air, hard to ventilate
Difficulty breathing, coughing, wheezing

Question 3

Emphysema

Answer 3

From smoking
Elastin of lungs permanently stretched so lungs no longer able to force all air from alveoli
Alveoli surface area reduced
Little/no gas exchange takes place across the stretched and damaged sacs
Shortness of breathe, chromic cough, blue skin

Question 4

Risk factors for lung disease

Answer 4

Smoking
Air pollution
Genetic make up
Infections occupation