Federalism

Question 0

Unitary sys of government v. confederation system of government

Answer 0

Unitary- centralized all power

Confederation- decentralizes all power

Question 1

Advocated of a strong federal system believe…

Answer 1

State and local governments do not have the sophistication to deal with the major problems facing the country

Question 2

Loosest confederation that exists in the international scene

Answer 2

United Nations

Question 3

The historical foundation of federalism

Answer 3

Federalist Papers

Early Supreme Court decisions

Question 4

Powers shared by federal and state gifts with dual federalism

Answer 4

1. To tax
2. To est. courts
3. Est. laws for the general welfare
   Est. By 10th Amendment

Question 5

Layer ale federalism

Answer 5

Extension of dual federalism developed after Civil War

National government exercising power independently form state governments

Question 6

Marble cake federalism

Answer 6

Extension of federalism after the New Deal
Federal government became more intrusive in what had typically been the domain for state governments
Lasted until the Great Society
Resulted in greater growth of federal government

Question 7

Creative federal during the Great society increased…

Answer 7

The marble cake approach of intergovernmental relations

Ex. Medicare, Medicaid, War on Povert

Question 8

Creative approach to federalism:

Answer 8

1. Sharing costs between the national and state governments for programs that would typically fall under state jurisdiction
2. Guidelines and rules set down by the federal government in order for states to reap benefits of federally funded programs
3. Providing for dual administration of programs (ex. Medicaid)

Question 9

Competitive federalism

Answer 9

Under Nixon, Reagan, and Bush
Reversed marble cake nature
Est. A “new federalism” where the states were given more responsibility
Aimed to decentralize many Great Society programs

Question 10

Three examples of competitive federalism

Answer 10

1. Federal orders: the Equal Opportunity Act that mandated compliance by states with threat of criminal or civil penalty
2. Restrictions on federal programs if states didn’t meet criteria for the programs
3. Crossover requirements: if state is going to get federal money, it must agree to give something in return

Question 11

Fiscal federalism

Answer 11

Through different grant programs, slices up the marble cake into many different pieces
Makes it even more difficult to differentiate the functions of levels of the government

Question 12

Three major programs areas of fiscal federalism

Answer 12

1. Categorical grants
2. Block grants
3. Revenue sharing

Question 13

Categorical grant

Answer 13

Federal aid that meets the criteria of a specific category and has specific criteria attached to it
Two types:
1. Project grants: for competitive applications
2. Formula grants: based on specific formulas developed by Congress

Question 14

Block grants

Answer 14

Form of federal aid with few strings attached

States decide how to spend money

Question 15

Revenue sharing

Answer 15

Give money directly to states with no strings attached

Reduced under Reagan and Bush

Question 16

Since 1944 feder,aim has been moving toward…

Answer 16

Devolution: the return of power to the states
Reflected by Rhenquist Court by limited power of federal government with US v. Lopez (declared Federal Gun Control Act that banned guns within 1000ft of schools unconstitutional )
Signaled with Republican Contract with America

Question 17

Unfounded Mandates Law

Answer 17

Passed by Congress that placed major restrictions on Congress and executive branch regarding passing legislation and regulations that had a price tag for the states
Ex. Motor Voter Act