After Caesar's death and the end of Cicero

Question 1

What happened to the ‘liberators’ directly after Caesar’s death

Answer 1

they were intensely disliked and forced to leave Rome

Question 2

Octavian

Answer 2

named Caesar’s chief heir and adopted son
opposed the conspirators
used the name of Caesar to strengthen his own position

Question 3

Cicero’s familly

Answer 3

death of Tullia
had remarried (and divorced her as well)

Question 4

Antony tactics

Answer 4

cashed in on the public sympathy for Caesar. Reading out to the crowds Caesars will (containing a sum of money for each citizen)
his body was burnt in the Forum (in public)

Question 5

Cicero was glad of the deed

Answer 5

“glorious deed, but only half-complete”

Question 6

Cicero and octavian corespondence

Answer 6

Octavian was writing to Cicero every day urging him to take a hand to save the republic again- Cicero to Atticus

Question 7

start of war between Antony and the conspirators

Answer 7

Antony wanted the province of Cisalpine Gaul so attacked Decimus Brutus (the governor) at Mutina
appointing himself governor

Question 8

Cicero December 44BC onwards

Answer 8

became the leader in Rome of the senatorial party
wrote the Philippics (after speeches by the Greek orator Demosthenes)
delivered the 4th one on 20DEcember 44BC

Question 9

Antony in 44BC

Answer 9

Consul

Question 10

43Bc Cicero asked the senate

Answer 10

to recognize Octavian’s and Decimus’s armies as legal

and to grant Octavian extraordinary powers for his age

Question 11

Cicero’s leadership of the senate

Answer 11

rallied the senates forces
63 years old
position as a senior consular
His Philippics played a great part in Antony’s defeat

Question 12

Battle of Mutina

Answer 12

February 43BC war was declared on Antony
two battles were fought over the won
Antony defeated one of the consuls, didn’t do so well against the other
Decimus Brutus won a clear victory against Antony
Both Consuls Hirtius and Pansa died (their legions join Octavian)

Question 13

Antony at the end of May 43BC

Octavian

Answer 13

On the borders of Italy recruiting fresh forces

Octavian was now 19 becoming more and more dissatisfied withe the senates actions

Question 14

Brutus’s criticism of Cicero

Answer 14

criticised him for boosting Octavian’s power so much, warning that he could become a tyrant as much as Antony
“what he has done is to encourage, not check, the ambition and desire for power of this youth”

Question 15

Cicero on Octavian (believing he wont betray)

Answer 15

“young Octavian’s actions are like a river flowing from my advice”

Question 16

Octavian on the 19th August

Answer 16

wanted to be consul

despite the Senate’s opposition he got what he wanted through the use of his army (marched on Rome)

Question 17

Octavian’s actions as Consul

Answer 17

cancelled the bills that outlawed Lepidus and Antony

Question 18

The Second Triumvirate

Answer 18

end of October
officially recognized by the senate
united and defeated the last remnants of the “republic”
made proscription lists (Cicero was on it)

Question 19

End of Cicero

Answer 19

executed with his son
only got as far as his villa near Formiae
killed by centurion Herennius and officer popillius
his head and hands cut off, were fastened over the public platform.
43BC

Question 20

How many Phillipics

Answer 20

14

Question 21

The philippics finish

Answer 21

on the same day as the battle of Mutina

Question 22

1st Philippic

Answer 22

2nd September 44BC
Cicero just returned from Rome after failing to get to Greece and Syria (31st August)
The day after the meeting of the senate led by Antony celebrating Caesar’s life (1st September)
Cicero sees it as Antony’s attempt to present himself as Caesar’s legitimate heir

Question 23

3rd Philippic

Answer 23

20th December 44BC
urges military action against Antony
praises Decimus Brutus and Octavian
Octavian granted Pro-Praetorian rank (in order to lead the senatorial army)

Question 24

Last Phillipic

Answer 24

21st April 43
To urge the senate to declare Antony enemy of the state
Day of the battle of Mutina
Antony declared enemy of the state on 26April
Antony flees to Gaul

Question 25

44BC Cicero and the liberators

Answer 25

Cicero wants them to leave and take Antony’s jobs and not to return to Rome

Question 26

Brutus’s reaction to Antony’s offer

Answer 26

refuses to take Antony’s job in Asia
Servilia repels this law
goes to Greece to raise an army of Pompey’s supporters

Question 27

June 44Bc Dolabella

Answer 27

appointed governor in Syria

offers Cicero a place as on of his staff

Question 28

What does Cicero do about Dollebella’s proposition

Answer 28

he agrees to it
plans to sail to Greece first in order to visit his son Marcus
to see his studies

Question 29

Why does Cicero never make it to Greece

Answer 29

the weather was to bad

he meets Brutus before he goes to raise an army

Question 30

31st August 44BC

Answer 30

Cicero back in Rome

Question 31

1st September 44BC

Answer 31

Antony planning a celebration for CAesar

Cicero does not join (shows his oposition)

Question 32

2nd September

Answer 32

Delivers his first Philippic agaisnt Antony

Question 33

21st April 43BC

Answer 33

last Phillipic

day of the battle of Mutina

Question 34

Cicero’s advice to the conspirators after Caesar’s death

Answer 34

to go to the senate to legitimize their act
To gain emergency powers
To say there actions had been to restore the republic

Question 35

Antony’s offer to the conspirators

Answer 35

offers them protection in exchange for Caesars laws to remain confirmed and to be able to lead Caesars funeral on the 20th March

Question 36

Caesars funeral

Answer 36

burnt in public in the forum
Antony announces his will (he left the Romans his gardens and some money)
Antony shows Caesar’s bloodstained toga
Conspirators lose all support and take refuge on the Capitoline hill

Question 37

Cicero’s letters to gain support for the Republic

Answer 37

Forceful and vigorous (not always successful)
he writes to prominent Romans against Antony
e.g Plancus