Acute Coronary Artery Disease Flashcards
Arteriosclerosis
Chronic disease of arterial system
Abnormal thickening & hardening of the vessel walls
Smooth muscle cells and collagen fibers migrate to the tunica intima
Atherosclerosis
Thickening and hardening is caused by accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages in arterial wall
Plaque development
Coronary Artery Disease
Any vascular disorder that narrows or occludes the coronary arteries
Most common cause is atherosclerosis
CAD risk factors
Dyslipidemia HTN Smoking Diabetes Obesity/sedentary lifestyle
Stable angina
Relieved by rest
Unstable angina
Is not relieved by rest and it happens more frequently
How to treat angina
Nitro
Acts in 3-5 minutes
Prinzmetal angina
Not caused by ischemia, caused by spasm of vessels
Can occur at rest
Commonly occurs at night
Silent ischemia
Often complain of fatigue or unease
More common in women
Affects of myocardial ischemia & MI on heart
Impairs pumping ability
Deprives heart muscles of oxygen and nutrients
STEMI
Transmural infarction
Thrombus lodges permanently in vessel extending from endocardium to epicardium
Non STEMI
Thrombus disintegrates before it completely necrosis the distal tissue
Only involves myocardium
Myocardial Stunning
Temporary loss of function that persists for hours to days after perfusion is restored
Hibernating myocardium
Permanently ischemic tissue
Myocardial remodeling
Caused by inflammatory mediators, RAAS, catecholamines - hypertrophy
