Teratogens

Question 1

ACEI

Answer 1

Renal Damage

Question 2

Alkylating Agents

Answer 2

Absence of digits and other abnormalities

Question 3

Aminoglycosides

Answer 3

Hearing loss, CN VIII toxic (A Mean Guy hit that baby in the ear!)

Question 4

Carbamazepine

Answer 4

NT defects, craniofacial defects, fingernail hypoplasia, devt delay, IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction)

Question 5

DES

Answer 5

vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma, Mullerian anomalies

Question 6

Folate antagonists

Answer 6

NT defects

Question 7

Lithium

Answer 7

Ebstein’s anomaly (atrialized RV)

Question 8

Methimazole

Answer 8

Aplasia cutis congenita

Question 9

Phenytoin

Answer 9

Fetal Hydantoin syndrome (microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, hypoplastic nails/phalanges, cardiac defects, intellectual disability, IUGR)

Question 10

Tetracyclines

Answer 10

discolored teeth

Question 11

thalidomide

Answer 11

“tha-limb-domide” - limb defects, PHOCOMELIA, congenital heart and urinary abnormality

Question 12

Valproate

Answer 12

Folate absorption inhibition > NT defects

Question 13

Warfarin

Answer 13

Hemorrhage, bone deformities, abortion (use heparin instead)

Question 14

Alcohol

Answer 14

birth defects, intellectual disability, FAS, MAXILLARY HYPOPLASIA, short palpebral fissures, MR, congenital heart defects, growth deficit

Question 15

Cocaine

Answer 15

abnormal growth, fetal addiction, placental abruption

Question 16

Smoking

Answer 16

Low birth weight, preterm labor, placental issues, IUGR, ADHD

Question 17

Iodine

Answer 17

Goiter or cretinism

Question 18

Maternal diabetes

Answer 18

Caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia), congenital heart defects, NT defects

Question 19

Vitamin A excess

Answer 19

Spontaneous abortion/birth defects like cleft palate, cardiac defects

Question 20

X-rays

Answer 20

Microcephaly, intellectual disability