Chapter5

Question 0

define situational variables:

Answer 0

Characteristics of situation or environment

Question 1

Define variable:

Answer 1

Aspect of a testing condition that can change or take on different characteristics with different conditions

Question 2

Define subject variable:

Answer 2

Characteristics of subjects that cannot be controlled but can only be selected

Question 3

Define behavioral variable:

Answer 3

Responses of subjects

Question 4

Define dependent variable:

Answer 4

Measure of behavior of subject reflecting effects of IV

Question 5

Define independent variable:

Answer 5

Condition manipulated or selected by experimenter to determine its effects on DV

Question 6

Define levels:

Answer 6

The different values of IV

Question 7

Define intervening variable:

Answer 7

Inferred process mediating the effects of a situational variable on a behavioral variable

Question 8

Define confounded variable:

Answer 8

Extraneous variable that varied along with the IV and cannot be separated

Question 9

Define nominal scale:

Answer 9

Divide objects or events into categories; no numerical or quantitative properties

Question 10

Define ordinal scale:

Answer 10

A measurement that both assigns objects or events a name (nominal ) and arranges them in order of their magnitude

Question 11

Define interval scale:

Answer 11

A measurement that the differences between numbers are meaningful; includes both nominal and ordinal information; no meaningful zero point

Question 12

Define ratio scale:

Answer 12

Having a meaningful zero point as well as all of nominal, ordinal and interval properties

Question 13

Define permissive transformations; what will it change as from nominal to ratio scales?

Answer 13

The way that we can alter the assignment of numbers to individual events without distorting the scale.

Become fewer

Question 14

The difference between variability and error variation (random error):

Answer 14

For variability, both IV and dab will vary; for error variation, it is a variability in the DV that is not associated with IV

Question 15

4 principles that should be followed when conducting research involving several stimulus:

Answer 15

1 the stimuli should cover as much of the range as practicable.
2 the stimuli should be close enough together to prevent overlooking any interesting relationship between the stimuli
3 in within-subjects designs, when a participant is to experience all stimuli in a single session, at least seven stimuli should be presented if possible.
4 if the continuum is quantitative, logarithmically spacing the stimuli may be advisable

Question 16

Define criterion validity:

Answer 16

Test correlates with other tests of theoretical term

Question 17

Define real limit:

Answer 17

The number assigned to a value converted into an interval spanning plus or minus half the distance to the next number

Question 18

Dependent will vary with:

Answer 18

The behaviors of subjects