random Flashcards
crookedest
-Not straight; having one or more bends or angles -
“We walked up the crooked path to the top of the hill.”
-Simple past tense and past participle of crook
-virajli-
recursion
Yenileme
repeating
Arrive to
Arrive at
Arrived in
- To is a preposition of movement.
- Use at to express arrival at a small place.
- Use in to express arrival when the destination is a large one like a country or a city.
Arrive to
Flip Flops have arrived to Tony Walker & Co.
One travels to a restaurant, but arrives at a restaurant.
Arrive at
As soon as we arrived at the restaurant, they brought out the cake
Arrived in
We arrived in France in November.
water under the bridge
The past, history.
That failure is water under the bridge. Let’s not live in the past
Disposal
a disposing of or getting rid of something
emir (command), uzaklastirma
get rid of something
to remove, or dispose of, go away from, throw out
-Get rid of these old shoes
Metal vs. Mettle
Metal is a hard, malleable material like gold, silver, or copper that is used in the manufacture of tools or artifacts. &&
~~ A quality of endurance and courage
malleable material
able to be hammered -
Back clipping: Most clippings keep the front part of the word, dropping the remaining syllables: chimpanzee synchronize examination gasoline memorandum pantaloons.
chimp sync exam gas memo pants (is)
Fore-clipping: Some shortenings drop the beginning of the word: robot parachute cockroach telephone
robot > bot
parachute > chute
cockroach > roach
telephone > phone
Middle Clipping: In middle clipping the middle of the word is retained:
refrigerator > fridge
influenza > flu
pajamas > jammies
refrigerator > fridge
influenza > flu
pajamas > jammies
These shortened words are called clippings:
taxi: cab: lunch: bus: plane:
taxi: a shortening of Taximeter, a device for measuring distance and figuring the fare.
cab: a shortening of cabriolet, a light two-wheeled chaise drawn by one horse. Later the word was applied to a motorized vehicle.
lunch: a shortening of luncheon, a word documented from 1580. Although lunch is documented as early as 1829, it was still considered to be vulgar a century later. Luncheon is still around, but it has acquired something of a precious connotation.
bus: a shortening of omnibus. Classical Latin omnibus means “for all.” As a term for a public transportation vehicle, omnibus was borrowed from French. The wealthier classes had enjoyed the services of carriages for hire as early as the 17th century. The omnibus offered inexpensive public transportation to the masses.
plane: a shortening of aeroplane/airplane.
forsake
to give up, renounce
the prefixes for- and fore- Sometimes the prefix means “before” or “in front of.”
- noun- fore - The front - “The fore was painted white.”
Foreword
onsoz
A book’s foreword is a preface, a brief essay not necessarily essential for the understanding of the text of a book and commonly written by someone other than the author of the text. Confusion arises from the existence of the adjective forward.
forecast - foretell - foresee -
To estimate how a condition will be in the future
- What’s the forecast for tomorrow?
- The weatherman forecast showers for Monday. (prediction based on analysis of data)
- The gypsy foretold Gwen’s marriage to a rancher. (prediction based on mysterious knowledge)
- Harold’s business experience enabled him to foresee the consequences of his partner’s decision. (prediction based on personal experience)
Persecution vs. Prosecution ((to follow))
isgence - huk. savcılık, savcının temsil ettiği taraf (pursuit)
A program or campaign to subjugate or eliminate a specific group of people, often based on race, religion, sexuality, or social beliefs ~~~
persecute or persecution: harass/harassment hound/hounding badger/badgering intimidate/intimidation pester/pestering bully/bullying victimize/victimization mistreat/mistreatment
harassment - taciz hounding - a hound dog - badgering - eziyet etmek - intimidation - tehtit etmek - pestering - rahatsiz etmek - bullying - kabadayilik - zulum etmek - victimization - magduriyet- kurban etmek- magdur etmek mistreatment - kotu davranma-
bad apple
a troublemaker
The suffix -ivity is added to an adjective to make it into an abstract noun. activity captivity conductivity creativity festivity sensitivity nativity negativity objectivity receptivity
activity - etkinlik
captivity - tutsaklik - esaret-
conductivity - iletkenlik
creativity - yaraticilik -
festivity - festival - eglence - amusement park -
sensitivity - hassaslik
nativity - dogus - the Nativity: Hazreti ısa’nın doğuşu
objectivity - nesnellik- tarafsizlik -
receptivity - cabuk kavrama -
receptive
yenilikci - acik olma -
ready to receive new ideas or concepts
Spirit of
the soul.
Indispensable
Absolutely necessary or requisite; that one cannot do without -
get are receive, obtain (gain), and buy:
I get the daily paper. (receive)
Next month I will get my first raise in salary. (obtain)
He got a 45” television set at the auction. (bought)
Don’t get so nervous when you have an interview. (become)
How do you get to Carnegie Hall? (reach, arrive at)
I can’t get used to your new hairdo. (become accustomed to)
So he mispronounced your name; get over it. (forget it, let it go).
Now that everyone is in town, let’s get together for dinner. (meet)
I know that losing your best friend is difficult, but you’ll get through it. (survive, overcome)
I want my neighbor to get rid of his vicious dog. (dispose of)
She’s trapped in a dead-end job and wants to get out. (escape)
We hope to get away this weekend. (travel, go somewhere else)
I’ve tried and tried to master algebra, but I just don’t get it. (understand)
get
hairdo - a hairstyle
Get busy! Get a move on! (Hurry up.)
Get lost! (Stop bothering me and go away!)
get
Get out!
Get out of here!
Get out! I never want to see you again
red - erythro -
green - chlor -
white - leuk -
blue - Cyan -
erythrophyll: the red coloring matter of leaves in autumn.
chlorophyll: the coloring matter of the leaves and other green parts of plant.
chromatic: full of color.
leukocyte: a white blood cell.
cyanin: the blue coloring matter of certain flowers (
Dogged and Doggedly
past of dog .
the adjective dogged and
the adverb doggedly
dogged - stubborn = obstinate, decided(kararli) = resolute.
nag
nagged - dirdir etmek
noun : A small horse; a pony
rig
verb : hile ile yönetmek
noun : alet edevat
Scot-free
no charge - inexpensive -
What Do We Deserve?
Every child deserves a college education.
Every child deserves a dog.
You Deserve a Car
In Whom Do We Trust?
trust
trust in
trust to
“I trust in him” and “I trust him, ”
I trust him. The verb is transitive because it has a direct object, “him.”
I trust in him. The verb is intransitive; it has no object. The prepositional phrase “in him” tells where the trust is placed.
token
- jeton
- A keepsake or souvenir
- hediye ceki
“by the same token” means “for the same reason or “in the same way
ayni nedenle, bu sebeple
“by the same token” means - “on the other hand.”
I don’t dislike dogs (or other animals), but by the same token, I don’t want them in my house.
Prioritize
oncelik vermek
to give priority to
Disappointed in
Disappointed by
Disappointed with
My parents are disappointed in me.
surprise:
Revising
gozden gecirme
made in
manufactured, as in Made in Mexico
make a will
draw up, compose, draft
make fast
secure
The comparative is formed with -er or more.
3 or more syllable - more -
irregular good, well - better - bad - worse - many - more - far - farther -
bigger than, happier than,
he is taller than her
he is stronger than I am
3 or more syllable
more beautiful
more careful *
more active *
gentle - friend - quiet - both !! *****
my cold is worse today than it was yesterday
The superlative is formed with -est or most.
3 or more syllable - most -
irregular good, well - better - best ! bad - worse - worst many - more - most far - farther - farthest
the biggest, the happiest,
I am the tallest student in my class he is the strongest kid at our school .
3 or more syllable
most beautiful
most careful *
most active *
gentle - friend - quiet - both !! **
my cold is worse today than it was yesterday , but it is not the worst cold I have ever had.
The superlative is formed with -est or most.
biggest, happiest,
Long words, like beautiful and intelligent take more and most:
beautiful, more beautiful, most beautiful;
intelligent, more intelligent, most intelligent.
Is U.S. a Noun?
I used to live in the U.S., but now I live in New Zealand.
When we left the U.S., we settled in Chile.
Undertaker
cenazeci
migrate
to move, either temporarily or permanently, from one place, area, or country of residence to another
Plants and animals also migrate, as do things on computers.
immigrate
im, “in, into” + migrate) to come to settle in a country not one’s own; to pass into a new place of residence.
transmigrate
trans, “across” + migrate) of the soul: to pass after death into another body.
immigrant and emigrant
the prefix im- means “in” and that the prefix e- means “out”
icgoc & disgoc
the prefix im- means “in” and that the prefix e- means “out”
immigrant and emigrant
Cue vs. Queue
ipucu & line a first-come-first-served order
What can I do for you?”
a polite inquiry meaning, “How may I help you?”
The reversal, “What can I do you for,” is a joke.
Dying vs. Dyeing
olmek & boyacilik
the verb used as a noun:
Hiking can be arduous.
Writing is not for sissies. (sissy = korkak)
Loitering is not permitted.
Many nouns that end in -or :
actor: one who acts
inventor: one who invents
sculptor: one who sculpts
governor: one who governs
translator: one who translates
The suffix -er also forms agent nouns:
writer, worker, employer, dancer.
verbs into nouns are: -tion, -sion, -ment, -ence, and -ance:
information, from “to inform” investigation, from “to investigate” collision, from “to collide” agreement, from “to agree” refusal, from “to refuse” acceptance, from “to accept” conference, from “to confer” failure, from “to fail”
If the g is followed by e, i, or y, the pronunciation is “soft g”:
g+i: magic, margin, origin, engine
g+e: page, generation, detergent, vengeance=(Revenge)
g+y: astrology, Egyptian, gym
If the g is followed by any other letter (than e, i, y), the pronunciation is “hard g”:
gazebo glove gaze go grab gum
If the g comes at the end of a word, the pronunciation is “hard g”:
pig mug wig zigzag jug king
gazebo
either a type of summer-house or a roofed
gaze
a continued look of attention
wig
fake hair
scissors and pants
Isn’t each blade one scissor, and each leg part one pant?
Short answer: No.
Do you have a scissors I can use?
These scissors need to be sharpened.
the following words begin with the aspirated sound [wh]:
whack (A share or portion) whale wharf (pier) what wheat wheel wheeze (hirildamak) when where whet whether which whiff (esinti) Whig while whim (merak, gecici heves) whimper (sizlanmak) whip whirl (donmek- basdonmesi-firil firil donmek) whisk whisker whisky whisper whit white whoop why
whiff - take a whiff-
a light gust of air - bir nefes çekmek -
on a lark
As something done for fun deyim - “On a lark, I skipped school and drove to the beach.”
eglence olsun diye
whirl - Dizziness -
My head is whirling after all that drink.
C followed by y
cyborg - a person who is part machine, a robot who is part organic
piracy
bouncy - dynamic- Lively, exuberant, energetic
cycle
icy
infancy
Why Software Is Eating The World”
Software - is -
asterisk (*): as-ter-isk cavalry: cav-al-ry introduce: int-ro-duce relevant: rel-e-vant prescription:
- symbol
sovalye
relevant: Directly related, connected
recete , an advise.
come to pass
all things, good and bad, come to pass.
occur
tear
gozyasi - yirtmak -
we say “tear to pieces,” or “tear in pieces.”
rip
RIP - Rest in Peace
or
tear
wile - while
cazibe -
although - “This case, while interesting, is a bit frustrating.”
until - “I’ll wait while you’ve finished painting.”
Anecdote
short story
Compound nouns often evolve from open to hyphenated to closed, but sometimes the intermediate stage is skipped, and sometimes a term remains open or hyphenated (so far).
- air conditioner
- backstory
- check-in
- lifelike
- mind-set
The three types of rock are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.
A colon is redundant to a verb and should never follow one.
That’s the key: what to do about rust.
Do not capitalize the first word of a phrase or an incomplete sentence that follows a colon unless it is a proper noun. (Some style guides recommend capitalizing the first word following a colon only when the explanatory content consists of two or more sentences. However, others consider that suggestion too restrictive and advise capitalizing one or more complete explanatory sentences; we endorse this style.)
Try the following steps: Rinse, lather, and repeat.
The imperative statement following the colon is a complete thought; this sentence was correct originally.
Smith said, “That’s the way I look at it.”
An attribution should be followed by a comma, not a colon. (Exception: Use a colon if the attribution is a complete thought, as in “Smith summed up his viewpoint tersely: “That’s the way I look at it.”)
For example, compare the two images below.
Always use a comma, not a colon, after an introductory phrase.
the idea of two: brace double duet duo duplet dyad twain twice twin two twosome
brace = 2, dis ipi
twain = 3.5m
In Regards To
Regard !
Regardless
-ile ilgili olarak
or
Give my regards to your parents.
Best regards, Sam
- attention
- paying no attention
ludicrous & ridiculous
(Silly) gulunc & sacma absurd asinine (ahmakca , stupid) comical (comic,) farcical (abuk , sapuk) foolish idiotic laughable preposterous (absurd) risible (laughable)
alerted
People are warned of danger, but alerted to danger.
Ultimate and Penultimate
“last, final,” & sondan bir onceki
Neither… nor
( not either ) .. nor - ne .. ne de
Neither now, nor ever will he forsake his mother.”
either … or
ikiside - ya yada
Either you eat your dinner or you go to your room.
words to describe young people under the age of 21: baby infant toddler child boy girl youngster juvenile adolescent minor
more specific images and appeal to different emotions: tot tyke little one preschooler teenager teen preteen student young man young lady young adult waif urchin brat rug rat guttersnipe offspring
infant = baby
toddler - yeni yurumeye baslayan cocuk
juvenile = genc cocuk - a person not legally of age
adolescent = a teenager
waif - batan geminin mallari 2. a homeless child
urchin - deniz kestanesi - A mischievous child
guttersnipe = street kid
forsake
To abandon, to give up, to leave
separate - don’t Misspell !!
There’s a rat in sep-a-rate.
definite - don’t Misspell !!
Take a close look at the final syllable: nite.
calendar - don’t Misspell !!
as you write it: cal-en-dar.
misspell - don’t Misspell !!
To spell incorrectly
argument - don’t Misspell !!
tartisma
dependent - don’t Misspell !!
bagli
lit
Mother lit the birthday candles - light -
dull
blind, boring,
Raise vs. Rise
raise is transitive (takes an object) - yukseltmek
rise is intransitive (no object). - dogmak, ayaga kalkmak
raise money
raise an army
raise blood pressure
raise one’s voice
&
rise early (wake and get out of bed)
rise from the dead
rise and shine (wake up and get busy)
rise in the world (improve one’s social and financial position)
All rise! (Spoken by a bailiff as a judge enters the courtroom or prepares to leave)
rise against (rebel)
rise in someone’s opinion
When wind rises, it increases in intensity. Rivers rise at their sources. Fish rise to the surface of a lake. Buildings rise as they are being built. Water rises. Dough rises. Smoke rises.
rebel
asi - isyanci- to resist (karsi cikmak)
rise against
Tense
Present: He walks now.
Past: Yesterday he walked.
Future: Tomorrow he will walk.
Perfect: He has walked every morning since Monday.
Past Perfect: He had walked a mile by the time we joined him.
Future Perfect: By tomorrow, he will have walked twenty miles.
Present Continuous: I am still walking.
Past Continuous: I was still walking when you phoned.
Future Continuous: I shall/will be walking when you reach town.
Perfect Continuous: I have been walking since early morning.
Past Perfect Continuous: I had been walking for an hour when you phoned.
Future Perfect Continuous: When you see me, I shall have been walking for six hours.
mood
Assertion: I liked him very much before he did that.
Denial: He is not going to remain on my list of friends.
Question: Will you continue to see him?
Command: Go thou and do likewise.
Prohibition: Stay out of Mr. MacGregor’s garden!
Entreaty: Remember us in your prayers.
Advice: Beware of the dog.
If I should see him, I will tell him.
He came that they might have life.
suggest: I suggest that she refuse his offer.
demand: They are demanding that he go to London for an interview.
propose: The father proposed that his son be locked up to teach him a lesson.
insist: We all insisted that he accept treatment.
demand
talep, ragbet
wit
Intelligence
angry/anger anxious/anxiety beautiful/beauty brave/bravery chaotic/chaos compassionate/compassion courageous/ courage curious/curiosity deceitful/deceit evil/evil generous/generosity humorous/humor imaginative/imagination intelligent/intelligence jealous/jealousy joyful/joy loyal/loyalty lucky/luck luxurious/luxury mature/maturity opinionated/opinion painful/pain peculiar/peculiarity responsible/responsibility romantic/romance sane/sanity sensitive/sensitivity sorrowful/sorrow strong/strength stupid/stupidity successful/success sympathetic/sympathy tolerant/tolerance warm/warmth wise/wisdom witty/wit
sane (iyi dusunebilen, mantikli) -
sanity (akil sagligi, ruh sagligi)
has & had
Simple Present: They cook. Present Perfect: They have cooked. Simple Past: They cooked. Past Perfect: They had cooked. Future: They will walk. Future Perfect: They will have walked.
Simple Present: They cook. Present Perfect: They have cooked. Simple Past: They cooked. Past Perfect: They had cooked. Future: They will walk. Future Perfect: They will have walked.
Compel, Impel, and Propel
force & force & .to drive away or out.
Direct quotation:
Indirect quotation:
“I plan to climb Mount McKinley tomorrow.”
Jones said he planned to climb Mount McKinley the following day.
palm
avucici, palmiye, hurma dali
waistcoat
yelek
arctic
the North Pole
To add information:
and, not only…but also, also, moreover, furthermore, in addition, again, besides, equally important, what’s more, too
To give examples:
or example, for instance, specifically, in particular
To show contrast:
but, however, on the other hand, otherwise, instead, in contrast
To show concession:
yet, nevertheless, however, although, even though, despite the fact that, despite
To show similarity:
likewise, similarly, in the same way
To show result:
so, as a result, therefore, thus, as a consequence, consequently
To indicate time or sequence:
first, second, finally, meanwhile, immediately, thereafter, soon, finally, previously, formerly, next, following this, after, soon, therefore
To offer conditional thoughts:
or, whether…or, if…then
To explain or emphasize:
in fact, actually, in other words, namely, obviously, in any case, naturally, certainly, unquestionably
To offer alternatives:
or, either…or, neither…nor
To compare:
on the other hand, on the contrary, by comparison, compared to, balanced against,
vis-à-vis, although, in contrast
To prove:
because, for, for the same reason, obviously, evidently, in fact, in any case
To conclude:
in conclusion, in brief, on the whole, to conclude, as I have shown
Congratulations on !
Congratulations on your marriage!
Congratulations on your new baby!
Congratulations on your promotion!
Congratulations on winning the lottery!
If I were a rich man.
I wish I were twenty-two again
if I were,
hue and cry
bagiris- cagiris
one man
foot
tooth
two men
feet
teeth
everybody and everyone
is singular.
the dog has a wet nose
a article once
sonra wet - adj
sonra noun
verb + article + adj + noun
smudge
bulaştırmak, is ile kirletmek
how many - opinion - size - age - shape - color - proper adj - material - purpose + noun
one silly big new long red french cotton sleeping bag
how many - opinion - size - age - shape - color
an adverb tells how, when, where something happens.
adv can modify everything
she quickly ate her lunch.
jack o’ lantern
helloween balkabagi
jack o’ lantern
helloween balkabagi
fierce
angry - siddetli -
The lion gave a fierce roar.”
tiger fierce
grease
yagli
greasy pizza
spooky
urkek - creepy
spooky jack o’ lantern
prickly
dikenli -
cactus prickly
shallow
not deep,
pool shallow
slimy
snail slimy (sumuksu) - camursu
ace
She aced the exams easily.
yuksek not almak
bound for
-e giden
Moving towards, going in that direction - “The plane is bound for England
bound- bagli- mecbur -
beneath
below
interjections (laf arasinda soleme )
no way, whoops, hooray , Yuck,
marsupial
kangaroos and koalas are marsupials.
independent clauses + as soon as (because, before) dependent clauses
(until) dependent clauses, independent clauses
comma is important.
chores
houseworks
on sale
they were on sale.
army - group - jury - team -family -
single
the police - are , is ?
are
the elderly - are , is ?
is - old people/
dim
To make something less bright
not smart or intelligent
16 - 21- 43 - 196
sixteen , twenty - one, forty -tree, one hundred ninety-six,
two heads are better than one - correct +
20 shoes are better than 19. incorrect -
a sentence should never begin with a numeral.
fraction 1/2 1/3 1/4 2/3 3/5
one -half one-third one-fourth or (one -quarter) two-thirds three-fifths
a or the .. capital word .
the New York Times.
Ave. Blvd. Dr. Ln. Pkwy. Rd. St. Sq.
Avenue Boulevard Drive Lane Parkway Road Street Square
Washington, D.C
Washington, the District of Columbia.
either Miss or Mrs.
a woman is single or married.
BA - BS
MA-MS
bachelor of arts
bachelor of science
master of arts
master of science
acronyms - initialism
NASA -AIDS (kisaltma)
``` FAQ - UN
Punctuation Marks ? ! . , \: ; [ ] [ … ] [ “ ” ] - ' /
question mark exclamation mark period comma colon semi colon brackets Ellipsis Quotation Marks Hyphen Apostrophe Slash
8 a.m.
4 p.m.
I woke up at 7:00 a.m
FANBOYS
for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
….. , …..
bear - bare
ayi - yalin sade -tam tikir (mere )
blow - blew -
uflemek - esnemek
daze
saskinlik - shock
fined
ceza yemek
lie - lye
lye = kullu su
made - maid
maid = hizmetci kiz - A female servant
seam - seem
seam = yara yeri
tail
kuyruk
Bozuk paranın yazı yüzü
duvak
dantel
bridal veil
lace
whirl
dondurmek - circle
stationary - stationery
stationary- hareketsiz - sabit - immobil
stationery - writing paper - office supplies
homo
same
hetero
different
accept -
except
accept - kabul etmek - onaylamak
I accept my punishment.
except - other than
haric
-den baska,
affect -
effect
affect - to influence or change
Hepatitis affects the liver.
etkilemek
effect - a result or consequence
sonuc
breath -
breathe
air breath in and out -
soluk - nefes
to inhale and exhale
nefes alip vermek
calendar
colander
takvim
colander - suzgec
a kitchen strainer
desert
dessert
a dry region
a sweet and to a meal
immigrate
emigrate
To move into another country to stay there permanently
to move a new country
to leave a country to live somewhere else
Assets
mal varligi, degerler
ignite
burn
ignite your bones
kelp
su yosunu
vapor
buhar
disperse
kalabaligi dagitmak
counterfeited
fake
incident
olay, hadise
looter
yagmaci
opression
baski
Prelude
Introduction-
Giris yapmak
exceptional
olaganustu, istisna
not ordinary; uncommon; rare
“What an exceptional flower!”
deteriorate
to make worse
petition
dilekce
resentment
, bad feeling
zoruna gitme, annoying
allegation
charge
suclama - iddia
