Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Block 3 Pharm > Intro to CNS > Flashcards

Intro to CNS Flashcards

1
Q

Biological membranes are essentially impermeable to ions

A

This is because the internal region of the bilayer is very hydrophobic and ions are hydrated by water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Protein families have evolved that function to allow ionic passage across the membrane

A
  1. ATPase driven pumps
  2. Transporters
  3. Ion channels: some generalities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

a) Integral membrane proteins
b) Multiple membrane-spanning domains
c) Form a hydrophobic channel in the center

A

ion channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Selective for ions and regulated by :

A

changes in the cellular environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ion Channels have______gene products; multiple subunits and are Glycosylated on the

A

Multiple

extracellular side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ion Channels have Consensus sequences for

A

kinases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

non-gated, always open

A

Passive:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

gated; the closed and open states of the channel are regulated

A

Active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gating mechanisms

A

Membrane potential differences
small extracellular molecules (NT)
membrane proteins
intracellular molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

this type of ion channel is open at RMP and can be either active or passive

A

leak chanel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

all passive channels are

A

leak channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

intracellular proteins are predominately

A

anions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

leak channels in the plasma membrane allow _____ and _____ movement across the membrane

A

K+ and Cl-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Conductance of _____ is 20 times greater then to Na

A

K+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Due to unequal conduction potentials, we see ______ distribution of Cl, K and Na across the membrane

A

unequal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

____ is high inside and low outside

A

K+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

____ and ____ are high inside and low outside

A

Na and Cl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

We have both ____ and ______ for Na, Cl and K across the membrane

A

chemical and electrical potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ena =

A

+55mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ek =

A

-75 mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ecl=

A

-69mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Some of the leak is opposed by the NaK ATPase pump that moves _____ions out of the cell and ____ions into the cel

A

Na

K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ion channels for a ______ channel in the center

A

hydrophyilic

24
Q

is the membrane potential at which an ion is in electrochemical equilibrium across membrane

A

Nerst potential

25
Q

As we increase conductance to Na we start to depolarize the membrane which leads to

A

voltage gate Na channels opening

26
Q

These are more gradual opening and slower inactivation

A

Voltage gated K+ channels

27
Q

Action potentials are

A

all or none; get to 100 mV in amplitude in 1-10 msec

28
Q

Action potential is propagated down the axon through

A

cycles of depolarization and repolarization

29
Q

Mechanisms by which initial change in membrane potential occurs to begin an action potential

A

Synaptic potential

30
Q

Synaptic potential have what type of change in membrane potential

A

graded, short and small
the are LOCAL
and able to summate

31
Q

graded, short and small
the are LOCAL
and able to summate

A

Synpatic potential

32
Q

Two types of synaptic potentials

A

EPSP and IPSP

33
Q

membrane potential becomes more positive; if it increases enough, threshold will be reached

A

Excitatory, postynaptic potential

34
Q

EPSP can occur by increased conductane of

A

Na or Cl bc both push for depolarization

– such as Nicotinic chlinergic R or Glutamate receptor

35
Q

EPSP can occur by decreased conductance of

A

closing a channel that is open at resting membrane potential; these are slower onset changes that last longer

36
Q

closing a channel that is open at resting membrane potential; these are slower onset changes that last longer

A

example of EPSP via decreased conductance

37
Q

Example of decreaed conductance causing EPSP

A

Closing a leak channel for K+

see changes in phosphorylation of the channel or regulated by second messenger cascades such as GCPR

38
Q

Ligand gated chloride channel such as a GABA R is an excample of

A

IPSP

a) Increased conductance of the membrane to either potassium or chloride

39
Q

Following are examples of what:

(a) Via direct interactions between the channel protein and G protein
(b) As a result of changes in phosphorylation state of closed K channels (mediated by second messenger cascades)

A

G protein coupled receptor activation can result in the opening of K channels
causes IPSP

40
Q

G protein coupled receptor activation can result in the opening of K channels in two ways

A

through direct interactiosn btwn G protein and K+ channel

as a result of change in phosyphorylation state of K channels that are closed

41
Q

Resting potential relies of

Channel specificity:

A

Channel specificity: non gagted K and Cl- channels; some nongated Na

42
Q

Gating mechanism for resting potential

A

none

43
Q

Properties of Resting potential

A

Usualy steady from -35 to -70 mV

44
Q

Action potential channel specificity:

A

Independently gated Na and K channels

45
Q

Gating mechanism for Action Potential channels

A

voltage gated

46
Q

Properties of Action potential

A

all or none, 100 mV in amplitude; 1-10 msec in duration

47
Q

Increased conductance EPSP channel specificity:

A

non-volatge gated channels; nonselective for univalent cations

48
Q

Incrased conductance EPSP gating mechanism

A

chemical with extracellular site binding

49
Q

Properties of increased conductance EPSP channels

A

graded, fast, several msec in duration and several mV in amplitude

50
Q

Increased conductance IPSP channel specificity

A

non-voltage gated chans for K+ or Cl-

51
Q

Gating mech for increased IPSP

A

Chemical with extracell binding site

52
Q

Properties of increased conductance IPSP

A

graded, fast, severeal msec in duration and several mV in amplitude

53
Q

Decreased EPSP channel specificity

A

Potassium leak channesl

54
Q

Decreased EPSP gating mechanism

A

Chemical: GPCR then 2nd messenger

55
Q

Properties of decreased EPSP

A

graded, fast, several msec in duration and several mV in amplitude

Block 3 Pharm (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions