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Human body Systems T1-1 > Chapter 1 - Human Body Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Human Body Systems Flashcards

0
Q

Pluripotent stem cell

A

Most primitive blood cell

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1
Q

6 levels of structural organisation

A
  1. Chemical
  2. Cellular
  3. Tissue
  4. Organ
  5. System level
  6. Organism level
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2
Q

Components of and what is integumentary system

A

Skin

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3
Q

What is the skeletal system?

A

Entire skeletal structure

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4
Q

What is the muscular system

A

Muscles

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5
Q

What is the nervous system

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, special sense organs

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6
Q

Whatnot the endocrine system

A

Hormone producing glands and cells
Ie. pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovaries and testes

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7
Q

What’s the Cardiovascular system

A

Blood, heart and blood vessels

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8
Q

What is the lymphatic system

A

Lymphatic fluid and vessels

Includes, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and tonsils

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9
Q

What’s the respiratory system

A

Lungs and air passageways ie. pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes

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10
Q

What’s the digestive system

A

Organs of the gastrointestinal tract - mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, anus

& accessory organs: salivary glands, liver, pancreas, gallbladder

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11
Q

What’s the urinary system

A

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

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12
Q

What’s the reproductive system (male and female)

A

Gonads (testes in male/ ovaries in female)

&associated organs female: uterine tubes, uterus, vagina
Associated organs male: epididymis, ductus deferens, penis

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13
Q

Metabolism

A

All chemical processes of life

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14
Q

Responsiveness

A

Living systems detect and respond to environmental changes

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15
Q

Movement

A

Cells, organs, bodies move

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16
Q

Growth

A

Cells, organs, bodies

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17
Q

Differentiation

A

Process of cellular specialisation.

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18
Q

Reproduction

A

Cells making copies of themselves

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19
Q

What is homeostasis

A

Maintenance of a relatively constant conditions in body

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20
Q

What must be kept under homeostasis

A

Blood pressure, blood glucose, core body temperature, blood ph

21
Q

Intracellular fluid is

A

The fluid inside our cells

22
Q

Extracellular fluid is

A

All body fluids except those inside our cells & can be subsidised to location

23
Q

Where is interstitial flud

A

Fluid between cells in tissues

24
Q

Where is plasma

A

Fluid component of blood

25
Q

Where is lymph

A

Fluid In lymphatic cells

26
Q

Where is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

Fluid in the CNS

27
Q

Where is synovial fluid

A

Fluid within most joints

28
Q

The cycle of homeostasis

A

Fluctuation above or below set point are a STIMULUS and detected by a SENSOR to trigger a RESPONSE turning variable to set point

29
Q

What are the two feedback systems

A

Positive and negative

30
Q

How does the negative feedback system work

A

Stabilises changing external and internal conditions. Systems are an opposite response to the initial change and self-limiting

31
Q

How does the positive feedback system work

A

Only for specific situations when a very rapid strong effect desired. An outside event must break the positive feedback cycle

32
Q

Three components of negative feedback system

A

Receptors- detects changes in controlled conditions
Control Centre- decides the type and amount of response required Effector- reacts to signals from the control Centre and produces the required response

33
Q

Negative feedback steps for blood pressure regulation

A

Baroreceptors- the text changes in blood pressure and communicates with the brain

The brain- interprets information and send signals to the heart and blood vessels

Heart and blood vessels- alter their activities based on signals from the brain

34
Q

What is Lateral

A

Side on

35
Q

What is medial

A

Front on

36
Q

What is superior

A

Above something

37
Q

What is inferior

A

Below something

38
Q

What is proximal

A

Closer to something

39
Q

What Is distal

A

Further away from something

40
Q

Explain transverse plane

A

Horizontally through something

41
Q

Explain midsagittal plane

A

Directly through the front of something

42
Q

Explain parasagittal plane

A

Directly through something but not the midsagittal plane

43
Q

Explain the frontal plane

A

The front of something face on

44
Q

Explain oblique plane

A

Diagonally through something

45
Q

What are the major internal body cavities

A

Cranial, vertebral, thoracic, abdominopelvic (abdominal and pelvic)

46
Q

What forums the cranial cavity and vertebral canal

A

Formed by cranial bones contains brain

formed by vertebral column contains spinal-cord and beginnings of spinal nerves

47
Q

What form thoracic cavity

A

Chest cavity: contains pleural and pericardial cavities and mediastinum

48
Q

What makes the abdominopelvic cavity

A

The abdominal and pelvic cavity

49
Q

What is this serous membrane

A

Double walled tissue membranes surround many internal organs and line the body cavities in which the Organs are located.

Ie. pleura, pericardium, peritoneum

Human body Systems T1-1 (6 decks)

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