2.4, 2.5, 2.6: Plant And Bacteria Organelles

Question 1

What structures are in a plant cell that aren’t in an animal cell?

Answer 1

• Permanent vacuole,
• Cell wall,
• Chloroplasts

Question 2

What structures are in an animal cell that aren’t in a plant cell?

Answer 2

Centrosomes and lysosomes

Question 3

What is the function of a plant cell wall?

Answer 3

• Surrounds the cell-surface membrane
• Gives the plant cell its shape
• Supports both the individual cell and the plant as a whole
• Acts as a defence mechanism

Question 3

How does the plant cell wall act as a defence mechanism?

Answer 3

Protects contents of the cell against pathogens

Question 4

What makes a plant cell rigid?

Answer 4

The contents of the cell push up against the cell wall

Question 4

What is a plant cell wall made of?

Answer 4

Cellulose

Question 4

How permeable is a plant cell wall

Answer 4

Freely permeable

Question 5

What are vacuoles?

Answer 5

Membrane-lined sacs in the cytoplasm containing cell sap.

Question 5

State the functions of the vacuole.

Answer 5

• Acts as food store
• Accumulates waste products
• Maintains turgor in the plant cell

Question 5

What is the name of the membrane of the vacuole?

Answer 5

Tonoplast

Question 6

Is the tonoplast of the vacuole permeable?

Answer 6

It is selectively permeable, only some small molecules can pass through

Question 7

Where are chloroplasts found in a plant?

Answer 7

In the cells of leaves and stems

Question 7

What is the name of the vacuole that is exclusive to plant cells?

Answer 7

Permanent vacuole

Question 8

What are chloroplasts responsible for?

Answer 8

Photosynthesis in plant cells.

Question 9

What kind of structure do chloroplasts have?

Answer 9

Double membrane structure

Question 10

What are grana in chloroplasts joined by?

Answer 10

Membranes called lammellae

Question 11

What are grana in the chloroplasts?

Answer 11

The chlorophyll pigments, where light-dependant reactions occur during photosynthesis.

Question 12

In chloroplasts, what is starch produced by photosynthesis present as?

Answer 12

Starch grains

Question 12

What do chloroplasts contain?

(NOT GRANA)

Answer 12

membranes, DNA, and ribosomes

Question 13

Because chloroplasts contain DNA and ribosomes, what are they therefore able to make?

Answer 13

Their own proteins.

Question 13

What do internal membranes in the chloroplasts provide?

Answer 13

The large surface area needed for the enzymes, proteins and pigment molecules necessary for photosynthesis.

Question 14

What are prokaryotic cells?

Answer 14

Cells without a nucleus

Question 15

Describe the DNA of a prokaryotic cell.

Answer 15

• The structure is fundamentally the same as eukaryotes, but packaged diffferently
• They only have 1 molecule of DNA, a chromosome

Question 15

Describe the chromosome of a prokaryotic cell.

Answer 15

• Only 1
• Supercoiled to make it more compact

Question 16

What type of ribosome do eukaryotes have?

Answer 16

80S Ribosome

Question 16

Compare the size of ribosomes in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Answer 16

Ribosomes in prokaryotic cells are smaller than ones in eukaryotic cells.

Question 17

What is the cell wall of prokaryotes made of?

Answer 17

Peptidoglycan

Question 18

What provides the energy to rotate the flagella?

Answer 18

Energy produced from the process of chemiosmosis

Question 18

What rotates the flagella?

Answer 18

A molecular motor

Question 19

What are plasmids?

Answer 19

Satellite DNA, which can replicate independant of the main chromosome.

Question 20

What are mesosomes in a bacterial cell?

Answer 20

Inner extensions of the cell membrane, the site of respiration.

Question 21

What are flagella?

Answer 21

Whip-like extensions from the cell surface that are used for cell movement.

Question 22

What are both the flagella and cilia made of?

Answer 22

Microtubules from the cytoskeleton

Question 23

What type of ribosome do prokaryotes have?

Answer 23

70S Ribosome